Jobst from Moravia

Jobst von Moravia in the Gelnhausen Codex , 15th century

Coat of arms of Jobst of Moravia

Jobst von Moravia (also Jost , Jodok (us) Margrave of Moravia , Czech Jošt Moravský ; * 1351 , † January 18, 1411 in Brno ) came from the Luxembourg dynasty . He was Margrave of Moravia from 1375 and from 1388 Duke of Luxembourg . In 1388 his cousin Sigismund pledged him the Mark Brandenburg, with which his brother, the German King Wenzel , enfeoffed him in 1397. In 1410 he was elected Roman-German king , but died shortly afterwards, so that he could in fact not take up this office.

Life

Jobst was a son of Count Johann Heinrich von Tirol , the Margrave of Moravia and younger brother of Emperor Charles IV , and Margaret of Troppau .

In 1375 he inherited the margraviate of Moravia, which he had to share with his brother Prokop , which led to constant disputes between the two. In 1376 he confirmed the paternal foundation of the Königsfeld Charterhouse , which he in turn supported.

Jobst was a skilled politician, hungry for power, and ready to change his mind and political sides for his goals. The first opportunity to increase his lands was offered by his cousin Sigismund , the younger son of Charles IV, who aspired to the Hungarian crown. Jobst lent him a large amount of money and received from him the Margraviate of Brandenburg , initially as a fief, but from 1388 until the end of his life, with all the rights of an elector . After he had helped Sigismund to the Hungarian throne in 1387, they did not part again until 1402. In 1397 Jobst was enfeoffed with the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he had had in pledge possession since 1388 due to changing alliances within the family (like Luxembourg itself).

In 1389, after the death of Wenceslaus of Luxembourg , he received the Duchy of Luxembourg thanks to the first son of Charles IV, his cousin and German King Wenceslaus of Bohemia . In 1394 he stood up with Bohemian nobles against Wenceslas, whom he captured on May 8, 1394, transferred to Prague and later to the Upper Austrian Wildberg Castle . He was appointed captain and administrator of the Bohemian kingdom. Only after the intervention of Wenzel's brother Johann von Görlitz was Wenzel free again, albeit under conditions that were tough for him, but which he did not comply with. In 1396 Jobst, together with Sigismund, forced Wenzel again to accept the demands of the Bohemian nobility.

Wenzel then had Jobst imprisoned, but had to release him a week later. After Wenzel learned that Jobst had his favorites murdered, Jobst was expelled from Prague. In 1401 he sought help from the Bohemian nobility and the Margraves of Meissen and moved to Prague. Even before the attack on the capital, negotiations took place in which Jobst was assured lifelong rule over Upper and Lower Lusatia ; he was also financially compensated. In return he promised loyalty to Wenzel, which he later kept. As German king, however, Wenceslaus had been deposed as early as 1400, but he continued to hold the Bohemian throne.

Margrave Prokop died in 1405, and Jobst concluded another agreement with Wenceslaus that contained his right to rule all of Moravia, for which he swore eternal loyalty to the Bohemian king.

After King Ruprecht's death on May 18, 1410, Jobst was one of the two candidates for his successor alongside Sigismund. However, the conflicting German election a few months later did not result in a clear winner. Jobst's sudden death in the following January - possibly he was poisoned - then led to Sigismund still gaining control of the empire.

Jobst was married to Elisabeth von Opole , a daughter of Opole Duke Wladislaus II and his first wife Elisabeth. The marriage remained childless.

monument

Equestrian statue of Jobst of Moravia in Brno

On October 28, 2015, an equestrian statue of Jobst of Moravia was unveiled in Brno. The 8 meter high statue by the sculptor Jaroslav Róna is characterized by the oversized long legs of the horse.

literature

• Berthold Bretholz : On the biography of the Margrave Jodok of Moravia. In: Journal of the Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia 3 (1899), pp. 237–265.
• Christian Hesse Synthesis and Awakening (1346–1410). (= Gebhardt: Handbook of German History. Volume 7b). 10th, completely revised edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-608-60072-8 .
• Peter Hilsch :  Jost. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , pp. 627 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Jaroslav Mezík: The finances of the Moravian margrave Jost (1375–1411). In: Prečan, Vilém (ed.): Acta Creationis. Independent historiography in Czechoslovakia 1969–1980. Bucharest 1980, pp. 69-91.
• Dennis Majewski: The documents and chancellery of King Jobsts (1410/11). In: Archives for Diplomatics, History of Writing, Seals and Heraldry. Volume 62 (2016), pp. 275-308.
• Theodor Lindner :  Jodocus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 106-111.
• Václav Štěpán: Moravský markrabě Jošt (1354–1411). Brno 2002. (biography, Czech)

Web links

Commons : Jobst of Moravia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Slavné osobnosti: Jošt Lucemburský (Moravský), markrabě moravský a braniborský, zvolený král římský. on the website of the city of Brno. Retrieved September 18, 2017 (Czech). 
• Jošt Lucemburský. in the Brno online encyclopedia. Retrieved September 18, 2017 (Czech). 

Remarks

1. ^ Opava to: Ludwig Petry among others: History of Silesia . Vol. 1. Sigmaringen 1988. ISBN 3-7995-6341-5 . P. 184.

predecessor	Office	successor
Ruprecht of the Palatinate	Roman-German king 1410–1411	Sigismund
Sigismund	Elector of Brandenburg 1388–1411	Sigismund
Johann Heinrich	Margrave of Moravia 1375–1411	Sigismund
Wenceslaus II the Lazy	Duke of Luxembourg 1388–1411	Elisabeth von Görlitz