Juan Carlos de Borbon
Juan (III.) Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbón y Bragança (born May 15, 1822 in the Palacio Real de Aranjuez near Madrid ; † November 21, 1887 in Brighton ) was Count of Montizón and pretender to the throne from 1860 to 1868. Because of his inclination to liberalism Forced to abdicate because, in the opinion of the Carlist, he was not entitled to “ legitimacy through deeds” (not just through descent). In 1883 he became head of the royal family of the Capets and was able to claim the French throne.
Life
Juan was the second son of Carlos María Isidro de Borbón (1788–1855), Infanta of Spain and Count of Molina, and his wife Infanta Maria Francesca de Bragança (1800–1834), third daughter of the Portuguese King John VI. and Infanta Charlotte Johanna of Spain . His paternal grandparents were the Spanish King Charles IV and Princess Maria Luise of Bourbon-Parma . Together with his brothers Carlos (V.) Luis and Ferdinand, he grew up in Spain, Portugal, Italy and England.
In 1830 his uncle, King Ferdinand VII , repealed the Sali law in favor of his daughter Isabella , which, for the first time since the Middle Ages, allowed women to succeed to the throne again. This led to a conflict between the supporters of the new regulation and the representatives of the traditional male succession to the throne, the so-called Carlist . Juan's father Carlos saw in Ferdinand's resolution a robbery of his claim to the throne; after Ferdinand's death in 1833 the first Carlist War broke out .
In March 1833 Juan's parents moved with their sons to Portugal and in June 1834 to England , where his mother died in September. The brothers stayed in England through the first Carlist Wars and were educated there. On January 15, 1837, the Cortes passed a law, which was confirmed by the regent Maria Christina, which excluded his father and his successor from the Spanish throne and forbade them to carry the title "Infante of Spain".
In the Carlist War of 1860, waged by his older brother Carlos (VI.) , Juan initially played no role. On April 21, he was captured by Queen Isabella II's troops and forced to abdicate. Juan then published a statement on June 2, in which he, under the title of a Count of Montizón, as Juan III. Claimed the Spanish throne.
In the early 1860s, Queen Isabella's popularity began to decline. The liberal views of Juan were a thorn in the side of the Carlist, which is why they tried to persuade him to renounce the throne in favor of his older son Carlos María de los Dolores. On October 3, 1868, he finally signed the waiver in Paris , and his son tried to regain the throne through the third and final Carlist War. After his resignation, Juan lived mostly in England, where he settled near Brighton . As Count of Montagu , he lived with an Englishwoman, and this union resulted in two children.
On August 24, 1883, Henri d'Artois, comte de Chambord (1820-1883), whom the French Legitimists viewed as King Henry V of France since 1836 and 1844 , died. Since Chambord left no descendants apart from an illegitimate daughter, the older Bourbon line died out with him. Thereupon the old Bourbon succession passed to the Spanish Bourbons and thus to Juan de Borbón, the next-ranking descendant of Chambord's great, great, great, grandfather Louis ("the great Dauphin"). The Legitimists proclaimed him Jean III, King of France and Navarre ; however, he has never publicly claimed this title.
Juan (III.) Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbón y Bragança died on November 21, 1887 in Brighton and was buried in the Cathedral of San Giusto ( Carlist Escorial ) in Trieste .
Marriage and offspring
On February 6, 1847 Juan married Count of Montizón in Modena Archduchess Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este (1824-1906), younger daughter of Archduke Franz IV. , Duke of Modena, and Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy . The marriage had two sons:
- Carlos María de los Dolores (1848–1909), Duke of Madrid
- ⚭ 1867 Princess Margarethe Maria of Bourbon-Parma (1847-1893)
- ⚭ 1894 Princess Marie Bertha de Rohan (1860–1945)
- Alfonso Carlos (1849–1936), Duke of San Jaime
- ⚭ 1871 Princess Maria de las Nieves of Portugal
The couple first lived in Modena until they fled to England via Austria during the revolution of 1848 . Despite the conservatism and piety in his family, and especially his wife, Juan developed liberal tendencies. In 1850 the couple separated; Maria Beatrix returned to Modena.
Titles, orders and honors
- Carrier of the Order of the Golden Fleece
literature
- Carlos Collado Seidel : The Spanish Civil War. History of a European conflict. CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54095-3 ( Beck'sche series 1677).
- Ramon del Valle-Inclán : The Carlist War. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-12-901981-2 .
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Henri Charles de Bourbon-Artois |
 Head of the House of Bourbon, legitimist pretender to the throne of France 1883–1887 |
Carlos María de Borbon |
First line: Carlos (V.) | Carlos (VI.) | Juan (III.) | Carlos (VII.) | Jaime (III.) | Alfonso Carlos
Second line: Francisco Javier | Carlos Hugo | Carlos Xavier
Counter-pretenders: Carlos (VIII.) | Juan (III./IV.) | Jaime (IV.) | Sixto
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Juan Carlos de Borbon |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Infant Juan Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbón, Count of Montizón |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Count of Montizón, Spanish pretender to the throne |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 15, 1822 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Palacio Real de Aranjuez near Madrid |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 21, 1887 |
| Place of death | Brighton |