Juana Inés de la Cruz

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Miguel Cabrea: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (oil painting, around 1750)

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (born Juana de Asbaje y Ramírez ; born November 12, 1648 in San Miguel Nepantla, Mexico ; †  April 17, 1695 in Mexico City ) was a Mexican nun and poet .

Life

Monument to Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz in Chapultepec

Juana was believed to be an illegitimate child. She learned to read at the age of three and studied philosophy , astronomy and medicine as a teenager .

At 16, the talented girl was discovered by Leonor de Caretto, wife of the Viceroy of New Spain , Antonio Sebastián de Toledo , who brought her to her court in Mexico City. There Juana wrote countless commissioned works for the court and the church. Because of her graceful verses, she is one of the most important Latin American poets of the 17th century.

Juana had neither family nor money, nor did she want to get married. After a visionary dream, she entered a monastery and, after an attempt at the Discalced Carmelites, switched to the Hieronymites , who had a much less strict way of life and in whose monastery she could devote herself to her studies. The philosophical writings of the Spanish Jesuit and natural scientist Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1595–1658) had a lasting influence . Her most important poem, The Dream , she wrote in 1685 in the monastery. Life there was very pleasant for her, as she had a spacious apartment, library and laboratories for experiments. Even after Toledo's departure and the death of his wife, she was under the protection of the viceroys. Especially Payo Enríquez de Rivera , who was also Archbishop of Mexico, promoted them. So she was allowed to receive guests at will. She continued to write "secular" poems with great passion, most of which she dedicated to the viceroys.

Their superiors repeatedly admonished them to deal only with religious literature. In letters to her confessor and to the Bishop of Puebla, she advocated women's rights to knowledge and education. In 1694 , however, she gave in to the pressure and signed a confession of sin and a vow to live only for God from now on. When the plague broke out in 1695 , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz became infected while nursing the sick and died soon after of the disease.

plant

The original " Obras Completas " Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (still without the letter to her confessor discovered later by Aureliano Tapía Méndez) were published by Porrúa. They are available on CD-ROM including the mentioned letter (and other newly discovered sources) from Nueva Hélades, ediciones digitales, Rosario , Provincia Santa Fe , Argentina.

The following books are available in German:

  • First dream. (Spanish - German) Ed., transl. Alberto Pérez-Amador Adam, Stephan Nowotnick. New Critique, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-8015-0264-3
  • Alberto Pérez-Amador Adam: El precipicio de Faetón. Nueva edición, estudio filológico y comento de Primero Sueño de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz . Vervuert, Frankfurt 1996 (2nd extensively expanded version 2015)
  • Alberto Pérez-Amador Adam: La ascendente estrella. Bibliografía de los estudios dedicados a Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz en el siglo XX . Iberoamericana Vervuert, Madrid 2007
  • The answer to Sister Filothea de la Cruz . New Critique Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-8015-0244-9
  • First dream . Translated from Fritz Vogelgsang . Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-458-16326-3
  • Your eye hear me . Poetry, theater, prose. Translated by Edmund Dorer , Wenzel Goldbaum , Karin Schüller, Fritz Vogelgsang, Karl Vossler . Edited by Alberto Pérez-Amador Adam. New Critique, Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-8015-0296-1
  • There is nothing freer on earth. Poems. Int., Transl. Heidi König-Porstner. bankruptcy book publisher Claudia Gehrke, Tübingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-88769-565-1

Movies

The Argentine María Luisa Bemberg filmed the novel Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz - or: The Pitfalls of Faith (Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz o Las Trampas de la fe) by Octavio Paz. Assumpta Serna played the main role in the 1990 under the title Me, the most unworthy of all (Yo, la peor de todas) films. In 2016, the life of Sr. Juanas was filmed in Mexico as a seven-part TV series under the title Juana Inés with Arcelia Ramírez in the leading role.

literature

in order of appearance

  • The world in a dream. A seal of the Tenth Muse of Mexico . Edited by Karl Vossler. Stahlberg, Karlsruhe 1946 (Paraphrase of the “First Dream”) Bilingual
  • Ludwig Pfandl : The tenth muse of Mexico. Juana Inés de la Cruz. Her life, her poetry, her psyche . Rinn, Munich 1946
  • Heinrich Merkl: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. A research report 1951–1981 . Winter, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-533-03789-4
  • Octavio Paz : Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz or The Pitfalls of Faith. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-518-38794-4
  • Gunhild Kübler : Juana Inés de la Cruz. The sacristy as a salon , in this., Verena Auffermann , Ursula March , Elke Schmitter : Passions. 99 women authors of world literature. C. Bertelsmann, Munich 2009, pp. 233-238
  • Alicia Gaspar de Alba: Sor Juana's second dream. Krug & Schadenberg , Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-930041-32-4
  • Translator Joan Larkin, Jaime Manrique: Sor Juana's Love Poems. Bilingual Spanish / English University of Wisconsin Press, 2003
  • Jutta Weiser: Lively portraits. The role of visual arts in the poetry of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz . In: Iberoromania , Vol. 65, 2007, pp. 90-117
  • Hermann Weber: Yo, la peor de todas - I, the worst of them all. Lindemanns Bibliothek, Info Verlag, Karlsruhe 2009, ISBN 978-3-88190-542-8

Others

The Mexican 200 peso note shows a section of the painting Cabreas with Sor Juana's face. A bust of her can be seen on a 1000 peso coin that was issued from 1988 to 1992.

Web links

Commons : Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rocio Olivares Zorrilla: Juan Eusebio Nieremberg y Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz . In: Ignacio Arellano, Robin Ann Rice (eds.): Doctrina y diversión en la cultura española y novohispana . Vervuert, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-86527-446-5 , pp. 149-165.
personal data
SURNAME Cruz, Juana Inés de la
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sor Juana, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz de Asbaje y Ramírez
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mexican nun and poet
DATE OF BIRTH November 12, 1648
PLACE OF BIRTH San Miguel Nepantla, Mexico
DATE OF DEATH April 17, 1695
Place of death Mexico city