Julius Exter
Julius Exter (born September 20, 1863 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein , † October 16, 1939 in Übersee am Chiemsee ; full name Julius Leopold Bernhard Exter ) was a German painter and sculptor .
Life
Julius Exter came from a widely ramified family of merchants from the Palatinate, based in Ludwigshafen, Neustadt and Bad Dürkheim. He was a son of the businessman Karl August Exter and a cousin of the architect August Exter . First he attended the Grand Ducal Gymnasium in Mannheim. His entry into the class of antiquities at the Munich Art Academy is documented on April 26, 1881, where he later trained as a painter. With Franz (von) Stuck , who was the same age and who transferred from the arts and crafts school to the academy in the same year , he soon became an artist friendship, shaped primarily by their love of open-air painting .
In 1898 Julius Exter married the painter and pianist Judith Anna Köhler (1868–1952), a daughter of the Darmstadt-based publisher Karl Christian Köhler . The marriage, from which the children Judith (1900–1975; painter and sculptor) and Karl (1902–1982; painter, draftsman and set designer) emerged, was divorced in 1917.
The Zum Stricker farmhouse acquired by Julius Exter in Übersee-Feldwies am Chiemsee in 1902 became the artist's residence and location of his painting school, which is known throughout Europe. In 1917 he finally moved from Munich to Feldwies. In 1902 he was appointed titular professor and honorary member of the Academy of Arts. He was friends with the sculptor Mathias Gasteiger.
Julius Exter died of a weak heart on the morning of October 16, 1939 in the Exter house. In 1972 the daughter Judith bequeathed her father's estate and the house in Feldwies to the Bavarian State in return for an annuity. The Künstlerhaus Exter is open to the public as a museum and gallery; Numerous works by Exters are located in the old castle on Herrenchiemsee .
plant
Exter belonged to the Munich Secession , which he co-founded in 1892. Two years later he joined the progressive Free Association of XXIV . During this time, mainly monumental paintings with religious and symbolist themes were created, including Mother and Child (1893), the triptych Adam and Eve: Birth - Temptation - Paradise Lost (1894) or It is done! (1896) as well as numerous portraits, including the portrait of his Japanese classmate and friend Harada Naojirō from 1884/85 and his self-portrait. Of his sculptures, DYO ANTROPOI - a couple of people - and in 1896 the portrait bust of his mother were shown in the annual Munich exhibitions. A portrait bust of the painter Karl Leipold , created around 1900/1905, was acquired by the Bavarian Palace Administration . Around 1900 Exter was a pioneer of modern painting in Munich and was not only regarded as a “color prince” among colleagues. His students included the Serbian Ažbe student Nadežda Petrović , the Freiburg painter and sculptor Eva Eisenlohr , Anna Gasteiger from Lübeck , who became known as a flower painter , Olga Fritz-Zetter from Solothurn (1881–1973) and Juliet Melms-Brown (1869–1943 ) from Winterthur .
The avant-garde painter's pictures found sales throughout Germany and especially in Switzerland. Exter developed from historicism to the vibrant colourfulness of expressionism . In the winter of 1908 he was in close contact with Franz Marc . With his painting technique and colorful experiments, he was close to the artist group of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München and the editorial team of the Blauer Reiter . The main focus of his artistic work was figurative compositions, portraits, landscapes and nudes. His expressive late work is one of the highlights of southern German painting at the beginning of modernism.
literature
- Ewald Bender : Exter, Julius . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 11 : Erman-Fiorenzo . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1915, p. 124 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- Exter, Julius . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 5 : V-Z. Supplements: A-G . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1961, p. 466-467 .
- Elmar D. Schmid: Julius Exter, 1863-1939. Unknown works from the estate of his student Olga Fritz-Zetter. Munich 1996.
- Elmar D. Schmid: Julius Exter. Departure into the modern age. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Munich 2000, ISBN 978-3-7814-0415-1 .
- Ruth Stein: Exter, Julius . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 35, Saur, Munich a. a. 2002, ISBN 3-598-22775-2 , p. 499.
- Elmar D. Schmid: Julius Exter. Outdoor painting. Beuroner Kunstverlag, Beuron 2005, ISBN 978-3-87071-127-6 .
- Historisches Museum der Pfalz Speyer (Ed.): Julius Exter (1863–1939). Speyer 2006, ISBN 978-3-930239-16-0 .
- Siegfried Weiß : Art career aspiration. Painter, graphic artist, sculptor. Former pupils of the Munich Maximiliansgymnasium from 1849 to 1918. Allitera Verlag, Munich 2012. ISBN 978-3-86906-475-8 , pp. 569-575.
Web links
- Literature by and about Julius Exter in the catalog of the German National Library
- Künstlerhaus Exter at www.schloesser.bayern.de
- Julius Exter (1863–1939) on art-percet.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry of the matriculation book 1884–1920, Munich Art Academy .
- ↑ External exhibition overseas: around 100 works by the Prince of Color can be seen (Bavarian Palace Administration press releases).
- ^ Dankmar Trier: Eisenlohr, Eva . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 33, Saur, Munich a. a. 2002, ISBN 3-598-22773-6 , p. 49.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Exter, Julius |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Exter, Julius Leopold Bernhard (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter and sculptor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 20, 1863 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ludwigshafen am Rhein |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 16, 1939 |
| Place of death | Overseas |