Julius Friedrich Wilhelm Bosse

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Portrait of Julius Friedrich Wilhelm Bosse

Julius Friedrich Wilhelm Bosse (born August 12, 1788 in Rastede , † October 25, 1864 in Easter Castle near Oldenburg (Oldb) ) was a German court gardener and botanist . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Bosse. “He laid out the palace gardens in the royal seat of Oldenburg and was the court garden inspector there from 1855.

Life

Early years

Bosse was the only son of the court gardener Carl Ferdinand Bosse (1755–1793) and his wife Johanne Christiane Friederice nee. Seuter (1759–1817), the daughter of the doctor Johann Georg Seuter from Goslar. After the father's death, Bosses mother married his brother, the Oldenburg court gardener Christian Ludwig Bosse (1771-1832). This made him both Bosses uncle and stepfather. He spent his childhood in Rastede and later in Oldenburg. After attending the grammar school in Oldenburg up to the secondary school leaving certificate, an apprenticeship as a gardener in the Royal Botanical Garden in Berlin-Schöneberg followed from 1805 under the gardening inspector Christoph Friedrich Otto . He was allowed to attend lectures on botany by Carl Ludwig Willdenow . As a result, he received a scientific education even without a high school diploma or studies. Following his apprenticeship (1807), he worked for two years in the Royal Gardens in Potsdam and in 1810 moved to the Royal Gardens of Karlsaue in Kassel , where he continued to train in landscape gardening under the court gardener Schwarzkopf until April 1811 . Then Bosse helped in Neusüdende near Rastede in the business of his uncle and stepfather.

Activity in Lütetsburg

At the beginning of the French occupation of the Duchy of Oldenburg in 1811, Bosse was initially drafted for survey work. A few months later, on March 21, 1812, he followed the call of Baron Edzard Moritz zu Innhausen and Knyphausen to Lütetsburg . There he created a large landscape garden that still exists , on which his father had already worked. Bosse continued the work and drew a detailed garden plan during his two-year tenure.

Activity in Oldenburg

Bosses office in the Oldenburg palace gardens

After the defeat and the withdrawal of the French, Grand Duke Peter I called him back to Oldenburg in 1814, for which he had to pay the baron of Inn- and Knyphausen compensation. At the age of 26, Bosse was the third court gardener from the Bosse family to move into the gardener's apartment in the Oldenburg palace garden, which was built in 1808 and which was also the seat of the garden administration. This position was held by Bosses uncle Christian Ludwig Bosse until the French occupation, but he did not want to return to court service in 1814. Bosse quickly settled in Oldenburg and in 1824 was accepted into the Oldenburg Masonic lodge, the Golden Hirsch . His most pressing task was initially to restore the palace gardens, which had been destroyed during the French occupation. The green areas at the palace including the palace square, the garden of the Prinzenpalais , the Everstenholz and the ramparts were also part of his other responsibilities at the Oldenburg court gardening department . Since 1825 he traveled extensively every year. A spa stay in Bad Ems , mostly lasting several weeks , formed the start, followed by study trips to famous gardens - combined with visits from colleagues. They took him to other European countries, including Luxembourg , France , Belgium , Holland , England , Sweden and Russia . Bosse acquired detailed knowledge of the current development of garden art, which was also reflected in the Oldenburg facilities. The heart of the palace garden is still the flower garden with its collection of valuable and rare potted plants, which attracted a great deal of attention in specialist circles.

In Oldenburg, Bosse implemented a green plan on a modest scale, which Peter Joseph Lenné carried out on a generous basis in Berlin-Potsdam. As a senior court gardener, he only belonged to the middle class of civil servants, but had a prominent relationship with Duke Peter I. He benefited from the fact that "the enthusiasm of the time belongs to the landscape garden like no other art" and the court gardener makes a contribution Performed "the leading task of the time". As a result, Bosse was awarded the Oldenburg Order of House and Merit in 1848 and appointed Hofgarten Inspector in 1855. He died in 1864, his grave is in the Gertrudenfriedhof .

Scientific work and recognition

Bosse won recognition from scientific committees and specialist societies very early on and became a member or honorary member of several well-known societies, e.g. in 1823 in the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States , in 1825 in the Natural Research Society Leipzig , before 1829 in the Horticultural Society St. Petersburg , 1839 in the gardening and flower growing association for Hamburg , 1840 in the society for botany and horticulture Dresden , as well as in others. From 1824 on he also published a number of articles in quick succession, some of which also appeared in Gardener's Magazine in England. The spectrum of his topics ranged from practical to aesthetic gardening problems. The Complete Handbook of Flower Horticulture followed in 1829 , a standard work which, according to Hermann Jäger , made him the nestor of German gardening writers. The work was published in the second edition in 1840–42 and in the third edition in 1859–61. As early as 1831, a one-volume popular edition, Der Blumenfreund , appeared for the interested layperson , followed by a second edition in 1850.

The horticultural lexicon referred to the quality of his garden creations and the value of his manual in 1926 and Richard Maatsch listed the manual as part of the standard literature on ornamental plant cultivation in 1983/84. Several new varieties of plants that bear his name have emerged from the scientific experiments of Bosses. He also wrote several first descriptions , for example in 1849 for the zebra ampelkraut .

family

On October 16, 1814, Bosse married Anna Dorothea Henriette Noscovius (1792-1858), a daughter of the Bremen citizen Johann Gottfried Noscovius, whom he had met in Lütetsburg.

Works (selection)

  • Complete flower nursery manual or detailed description of more than 4060 true ornamental plant species . Hanover. 1st edition: 1829. 2nd edition: 1840–42. 3rd edition: 1859–61.
  • About grouping the ornamental plants outdoors, especially in pleasure gardens and on lawns (with some explanatory drawings). Published in: New general German garden and flower newspaper. Hamburg 1845/46. Pages 85-150.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Ferdinand Bosse. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg. Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 87-88 ( online )
  2. ↑ a b Christian Ludwig Bosse. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg. Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 89-90 ( online )
  3. ↑ Hans Sedlmayr : Loss of the middle. The fine arts of the 19th and 20th centuries as a symptom and symbol of the times. Otto Müller Verlag. Salzburg - Vienna. 1948. 11th unchanged edition 1998, ISBN 3-7013-0537-4 .
  4. ↑ Richard Maatsch (Ed.): Parey's houseplants encyclopedia . Parey, Berlin / Hamburg. 1983. ISBN 3-489-61024-5 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Bosse, Julius Friedrich Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bosses, Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German court gardener and court garden inspector
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH Rastede
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1864
Place of death Easter Castle near Oldenburg (Oldb)