Kingdom of Yvetot

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kingdom of Yvetot was a sovereign allod within France, whose masters assumed the title of king.

territory

The territory corresponding to this principality exceeded the current boundaries of the city of Yvetot , since it also included the communes of Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts , Sainte-Marie-des-Champs and Écalles-Alix .

Legends

  • According to a legend handed down by Robert Gaguin , Gautier von Yvetot, chamberlain to the Frankish King Chlothar I , fled his court when he had lost the king's favor. After ten years of absence, he returned with letters of recommendation from the Pope to throw himself at the feet of his king. However, Chlothar killed him on Good Friday in the church of Soissons with his own hand. Pope Agapet I (535-536) now threatened the king to excommunicate him . To escape papal wrath, Chlothar made the rule of Yvetot a kingdom in favor of the descendants of Gautier.
  • Another origin was reported in 1904 in the journal Gotha français of the Institut national héraldique français : “William the Conqueror fell on landing in England, which he explained with the words: 'I have just taken possession of the land that I must conquer. ' But this presence of mind was not spontaneous, since his fool Ansfeld had whispered this answer to the Duke of Normandy. Wilhelm was not ungrateful, he rewarded the bon mot with a kingdom, and the descendants of Ansfeld were called to rule over Yvetot and its dependent territories. History has factually recorded the deeds of these petty rulers. In the 15th century, Martin I raised an army, visited his cousin, the King of France, struck coins with his image, etc. Go to Cluny, there you will find a medal depicting Martin on his throne and one Landlord named Boliée knights. Unfortunately for Martin I, the King of France had the fatal idea of ​​visiting 'his cousin' in Yvetot. Charles VI came with such an entourage that everyone in the kingdom would have been devoured. When the king of France left and took his nobles with him, poor Martin I, completely ruined, had to declare bankruptcy. That was the end of his dynasty. On May 2, 1401, Martin surrendered his kingdom to Pierre de Villaines , a wealthy lawyer from Rouen whose power was recognized by the King of France. Villaines continued the tradition as Pierre I. He saves Charles VII and is banished from his empire by the English for helping Joan of Arc . The King of France naturally restores his throne with all rights. Two centuries later we find a Martin II du Bellay, a great friend of the King of Navarre , although he is a good Catholic. In 1592 Henry IV arrives in Yvetot on his way against the Duke of Mayenne . He enjoys conquering this tiny kingdom. This mock war lasts an hour and ends with King Martin's invitation to dinner. King Heinrich accepts and eats 'Kraft bacon and fried chicken'. Heinrich IV., Now one of the most powerful kings in the world, does not forget his friend Martin II. He invites him to his court and wants him to be given the honors of a sovereign. 'He's a little king, gentlemen,' he said to the joking courtiers, 'but he's still a king.' It is said that Louis XIV himself was not afraid to officially recognize the sovereignty of his tiny 'cousin'. One day as the great king was driving down the main street of Yvetot, an officer spoke to him and shouted, 'Sire!' - 'You don't know, monsieur', Ludwig laughs, 'that I am not a Sire, this title belongs to my brother Yvetot.' Highest consecration: Guillaume-Claude, the last ruler of this small state, died on the revolutionary scaffold . Serious reason to philosophize: a king of songs and comic opera, who pays with his head the sovereign honors he received for the laughter of his 'cousins', the mighty kings of France. "

history

The Chronicle of Fontenelle Abbey from the 9th century does not mention Yvetot. The origins of the Kingdom of Yvetot remain in the dark, although numerous hypotheses have been put forward. The name "Yvetot" appears for the first time in 1021 in a deed of donation from Duke Richard II to Fontenelle Abbey, in which the area of ​​Yvetot is referred to as a fiefdom of the Dukes of Normandy.

In 1066, at the time of the Norman conquest of England, chroniclers mention a "Sieur d'Yvetot" named Jean as one of the many lords who fought at the Battle of Hastings . In 1147 Gaulthier d'Yvetot accompanied King Henry II of England on the Second Crusade . In 1152 the same Gaulthier of the Abbey of Saint-Wandrille ceded two thirds of the tithe of his church.

What is certain is that the kingdom was officially recognized in 1392 by a resolution of the Échiquier de Normandie (Chancellor of the Exchequer of Normandy), which gave the Lord of Yvetot the title of king. Louis XI. recognized in 1464 that the land of Yvetot owed no tribute. In a patent letter from May 1543, Francis I declares that the Bailli de Caux's seizure of the Yvetot fiefdom is null and void.

The Parliament of Normandy, which for a long time had watched the privileges of the kings of Yvetot with a jealous eye, after numerous unsuccessful attempts to put an end to it, King Henry II obtained several "lettres de jussion" (sealed instructions) from 1555 that royal immunity has been withdrawn.

From that moment on, Yvetot is no longer a kingdom, as there can be no real royal family without the right to a sovereign judiciary. Until the revolution , the lords of Yvetot held the title of prince in public and private acts, although they were still given the title of king out of habit. In 1789 the Principality of Yvetot was united with France.

Lords, kings and princes of Yvetot

Yvetot family

  • Huon d'Yvetot
  • Hellin d'Yvetot (992 - † 1043)
  • Hellin d'Yvetot (1024 - † 1079)
  • Auffroy d'Yvetot († 1050), Sieur d'Yvetot
  • Robert d'Yvetot (1085 - † 1148), Seigneur d'Yvetot
  • Jean I. d'Yvetot (1110 - † 1165), Seigneur d'Yvetot et de Yerville
  • Gaulthier d'Yvetot (1140 - † 1197), Seigneur d'Yvetot et d' Auzebosc
  • Richard d'Yvetot (1175 - † 1234), Seigneur d'Yvetot et de Touffreville
  • Richard d'Yvetot (1218 - † 1276), Seigneur d'Yvetot et de Touffreville
  • Jean II. D'Yvetot, (1250 - † 1297), Seigneur et Châtelain d'Yvetot, Seigneur d ' Auffargis
  • Jean III d'Yvetot, (1282 - † 1352), Sire et Comte d'Yvetot, Seigneur d'Auffargis, de Taillanville ( Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts ) et de La Rivière-Bourdet
  • Jean IV. D'Yvetot, Roi d'Yvetot (around 1372)
  • Martin d'Yvetot, Roi d'Yvetot (his son)

Villaines family

Yvetot is confiscated by the English, John Holland, Mayor of Bordeaux , becomes Roi d'Yvetot

Chenu family

  • Guillaume I. Chenu († before 1465), Chevalier, Roi d'Yvetot, Capitaine de Harfleur , then Capitaine de Pontoise , Chamberlain of Louis XI, heir to the House of Villaines
  • Jacques I. Chenu († 1485), Roi d'Yvetot, Seigneur de Saint-Aigna (his son)
  • Jehan Baucher I († 1500), Roi d'Yvetot, Seigneur de la Forest, (his son-in-law, without descendants)
  • Perrot (Pierre I.) Chenu, brother of Jacques Chenu, takes over Yvetot in 1498, Roi d'Yvetot, Seigneur de Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts etc., Capitaine de Péronne for Louis XII.
  • Pierre Chenu, Roi d'Yvetot, Seigneur du Portereau (his son)

Famille Le Bellay (de Langey)

  • Martin II. Du Bellay (1494- † 1559), Roi d'Yvetot, Seigneur de Langey, envoy Franz I and governor of Normandy, became Roi d'Yvetot through his marriage to Isabeau Chenu (1518- † 1589).
  • Marie du Bellay, Princesse d'Yvetot (their daughter)

Le Bellay family (de Gizeux)

  • René du Bellay († 1606), Prince d'Yvetot through his marriage to Marie du Bellay, Princesse d'Yvetot
  • Martin du Bellay (1571 - † 1637), Prince d'Yvetot, Seigneur de Gizeux (their son)

Famille Appelvoisin

  • René d'Appelvoisin, Prince d'Yvetot through his marriage to Anne du Bellay, daughter of Marie and René du Bellay
  • Marie d'Appelvoisin, Princesse d'Yvetot (their daughter)

Famille Crevant

  • Bonaventure-Claude, Marquis de Crevant (1627- † 1676), Prince d'Yvetot, Seigneur de Bruilles through his marriage to Marie d'Appelvoisin
  • Julie Françoise de Crevant (1670- † 1698), Princesse d'Yvetot (their daughter)

Albon de Saint-Forgeux family

  • Camille d'Albon de Saint-Forgeux (1663- † 1729), Prince d'Yvetot (husband of Julie de Crevant)
  • Julie Claude Hilaire d'Albon de Saint-Forgeux (1695- † 1748), their daughter, married Claude d'Albon, Comte de Saint-Marcel on February 16, 1711 at the Château d'Avauges ( Saint-Romain-de-Popey ) -d'Urfé (1687-1772). Your child is:

Albon de Galles family

  • Claude, Comte d'Albon de Galles (1687- † 1772), Prince d'Yvetot after the death of his wife Julie Claude Hilaire d'Albon de Saint-Forgeux, daughter of Camille d'Albon de Saint-Forgeux, Marquis de Saint- Forgeux, Seigneur de Saint-Marcel, de Cezay, de Nolieu, de Largentiere, de la Foret etc.
  • Camille-Alix-Eleonor-Marie, Comte d'Albon (1724–1789), Prince d'Yvetot, Marquis de Saint-Forgeux (his son)
  • Claude-Francois-Camille, Comte d'Albon (1753- † 1789), Prince d'Yvetot (his son).

literature

  • Jean Favier , Dictionnaire de la France médiévale , 1993, p. 982
  • Augustin Labutte, Histoire des rois d'Yvetot , Librairie ancienne de L. Willem, Paris 1871 ( online )
  • Yves-Marie Bercé, Les dernières chances des alleux souverains , in: Paul Delsalle, François Lassus, Corinne Marchal et François Vion-Delphin (eds.) Ea, Mélanges offerts au professeur Maurice Gresset: des institutions et des hommes, Besançon, Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté , Collection Annales littéraires de l'Université de Franche-Comté. Historiques , No. 28, 2007, ISBN = 978-2-8486-7186-4, part 1 pp. 29-42.

Remarks

  1. Roberto Gaguini Rerum Gallicarum Annales ... , Frankfurt / Main, 1627, Liber II, page 16 ( online ); Histoire de l'Académie royale des inscriptions et belles lettres , Volume 11, ed. from the Académie royale des inscriptions et belles lettres , Paris 1740.
  2. a b c "Guillaume le Conquérant en débarquant on Angleterre, fit une chute qu'il expliqua par ces mots:" Je viens de prendre possession de la terre que je dois conquérir ". Or. Cette présence d'esprit n'était pas spontanée, puisque sa réflexion avait été soufflée au duc de Normandie par son bouffon, Ansfeld. Guillaume n'était pas ingrat: il paya ce bon mot d'un royaume et la descendance d'Ansfeld fut appelée à régner sur Yvetot et ses dépendances. L'histoire, impartiale, a enregistré les hauts faits de ces petits sovverains. C'est ainsi que Martin I ", au XIVe siècle, lève une armée, rend visite à son cousin, le roi de France, frappe monnaie à son effigie, etc. Allez à Cluny. Vous y verrez une médaille représentant Martin assis sur son Trône et conférant la chevalerie à un aubergiste nommé Boliée. Malheureusement pour Martin I, le roi de France eut la fatale idée de rendre sa visite à "son cousin" d'Yvetot. Charles VI arriva avec une telle suite que tout dans le royaume fut dévoré. Aussi, quand le roi de France repartit, emmenant ses nobles, le pauvre Martin 1 ", complètement ruiné, dut liquider. Ce fut la fin de sa dynasty. Le May 2, 1401, Martin cède sa royauté à Pierres de Villaines, riche homme de loi à Rouen, dont les pouvoirs sont reconnus par le roi de France. Villaines devenu Pierre Ier. soutient la tradition. Il porte secours à Charles VII et se voit banni de ses États par les Anglais pour avoir aidé Jeanne d'Arc. Le roi de France le rétablit, bien entendu, sur son trône avec tous ses droits. Franchissons deux siècles et nous trouvons un Martin II de Bellay, grand ami du roi de Navarre, quoique bon catholique. En 1592, Henri IV, qui marche contre le duc de Mayenne, arrive à Yvetot. The s'amuse à faire la conquête de ce minuscule royaume. Ce simulacre de guerre dure une heure et se appointments par une invitation à dîner du roi Martin. Le roi Henri accepte et mange "force lard et poulets rôtis". Henri IV, devenu un des plus puissants rois du monde, n'oublie pas son ami Martin II. Il l'invite à la cour et veut que les honneurs sovereigns lui soient rendus. "C'est un petit roi, messieurs, dit-il aux courtisans railleurs, mais c'est un roi tout de même". On raconte que Louis XIV lui-même ne craignit pas de reconnaître officiellement la souveraineté de "son cousin" minuscule. Un jour que le Grand Roi traversait en carrosse la principale rue d'Yvetot, un officier lui adressa la parole, en l'appelant: «Sire! »-« Ignorez-vous, monsieur, dit Louis en riant, que je ne suis pas sire, ce titre appartient à mon frère d'Yvetot. »Consécration suprême: Guillaume-Claude, dernier souverain de ce petit état, mourut sur l'échafaud révolutionnaire. Grave motif à philosopher: un roi de chanson et d'opéra comique payant de sa tête les honneurs souverains que lui reconnurent pour rire ses "cousins" les puissants rois de France ", Gotha français des Institut héraldique de France , Saint-Malo ( Numéro de 1904 online pdf )
  3. ^ The institute claims to own the archives of the French Académie héraldique , which was founded in 1635 by Pierre d'Hozier (1592–1660)
  4. a b Labutte