Palatinate Tilleda
| Palatinate Tilleda | ||
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 Reconstructed pincer gate of the Palatinate Tilleda |
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| Alternative name (s): | Archaeological Open Air Museum Pfalz Tilleda | |
| Creation time : | around 700 AD (early medieval royal palace) | |
| Conservation status: | partially reconstructed | |
| Standing position : | Emperor, king, followers, artisans | |
| Construction: | Stone walls, palisades, ramparts (and ditches) | |
| Place: | Tilleda | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 25 '1 " N , 11 ° 8' 10" E | |
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The Königspfalz Tilleda was a medieval royal palace below the Kyffhauser on the southern edge of the Harz . Today the complex is an open-air museum in the village of Tilleda of the same name . It is the only completely excavated Palatinate in Germany and a station on the Romanesque Road . The Königspfalz Tilleda is registered under the registration number 428300472 in the local monument register as a soil monument.
history
The area on the Pfingstberg was populated in various ways in prehistoric times, especially in the late Bronze Age . The oldest evidence of early medieval settlement dates back to around 700, although the finds show that wealthy people lived here.
At the beginning of the 9th century, the place was first mentioned in the Lulli breviary . A possible derivation of the place name from " Palisade " would suggest that the oldest fortification dates back to this time. In the marriage certificate of Empress Theophanu , Tilleda is referred to in 972 as the “imperial court”, that is, as the Palatinate, and transferred to her as a widow's property. Between 974 and 1042, “Tullide” appears as the exhibition site for documents from Emperors Otto II. , Otto III. , Konrad II. And Heinrich III. In Salian times , the main castle in particular, which was secured in the north, east and south by steep slopes, was greatly changed.
In the 11th century the Palatinate lost its military importance and was replaced by the new castles on the Kyffhäuser . However, in the 12th century the royal tableware still operated here was expanded. Among other things, a factory-like cloth-making shop was created. For a short time the main castle was fortified again, but only provisionally.
In 1174, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa gathered an army here, which he needed for his intended war expedition to Northern Italy against the city of Alessandria . In 1194 Emperor Heinrich VI reconciled himself in the Palatinate . with Duke Heinrich the Lion and thus settled the long-running dispute between the Staufers and Guelphs .
After 1194, the Palatinate Tilleda is no longer mentioned in the written sources. Various finds, including those from the knightly milieu, show that the complex was still in use. In the 13th century the Palatinate was completely abandoned.
From the 14th to the 20th century, the Pfingstberg was used for agriculture. The disturbing ruins were removed over time. Only slight hints of the ramparts and ditches and two small remains of the wall remained. In 1871 these features of the area were interpreted as remnants of the Palatinate for the first time.
Between 1935 and 1939, the first archaeological excavations were carried out on the site of the Palatinate under the direction of Paul Grimm . The investigations were resumed in 1958 by the Institute for Prehistory and Early History of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR . The exact measurements of the excavations on the Pfingstberg were carried out by the master builder and geodesist W. Saal from Merseburg. Academician Prof. Dr. habil Paul Grimm, who also edited many publications. The State Archives Director of Weimar, Dr. Hans Eberhardt aside.
The Palatinate was completely excavated until 1979 with the exception of a few control areas. In total, the foundations of 180 houses were exposed. These included guard houses, residential houses with ovens of the type of the ovens at that time (without chimney ), two houses with underfloor heating and numerous commercial buildings.
open air museum
In 2001 the municipality of Tilleda turned the Pfalz area into an open-air museum. In addition to guided tours for groups, it offers the following educational museum offers:
- History rally as a more entertaining tour of the Königspfalz
- Archeology live
- Medieval games
- Diet in the Middle Ages with the preparation of smaller dishes
- Medieval textile craft
- Pottery of medieval toy figures
- Measured on the high medieval construction site
- Medieval construction technology
- The medieval office
- Medieval music
- Medieval hunting with archery
- Medieval warfare and weapons exercises (tournament)
In addition, there is an experiment weekend in autumn for medieval groups. There is a wide range of events for visitors, the highlight being the annual "Knight Festival" in July.
literature
- Paul Grimm : Tilleda. A royal palace on the Kyffhäuser. Part 1. The main castle. German Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Writings of the Section for Prehistory 24. Berlin 1968.
- Paul Grimm: Tilleda. A royal palace on the Kyffhäuser. Part 2. The outer bailey and summary . German Academy of Sciences. Writings on prehistory and early history 40. Berlin 1990. ISBN 3-05-000400-2 .
- Paul Grimm: The Palatinate Tilleda. A royal and imperial palace on the Kyffhäuser. 2nd, revised edition. Tilleda 1998.
- Hans Eberhardt, Paul Grimm: The Palatinate Tilleda am Kyffhäuser. A guide through history and excavation. 6th, modified edition. Tilleda et al. 2001, ISBN 3-910010-61-X .
- Michael MC Dapper: The Ottonian Palatinate Tilleda. In: Klaus Gereon Beuckers et al. (Ed.): Die Ottonen. Art - architecture - history . Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 3-534-15867-9 , pp. 265-266.
- Michael MC Dapper: New discoveries on the Königspfalz Tilleda. The new museum concept and its scientific basis . In: Contributions to local research. 12. 2002, pp. 154-163.
- Michael MC Dapper, Jürgen Udolph : Tilleda. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 30, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-018385-4 , pp. 610-612.
- Michael MC Dapper, Jürgen Udolph: Tilleda. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 35, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-018784-7 , pp. 167-169.
See also
Web links
- Official website of the open-air museum Königspfalz Tilleda
- kyffnet.de - Königspfalz Tilleda
- Report at GiBS.info
- Reconstruction drawing in the medieval state by Wolfgang Braun