kuk Officierdaughter-Educational Institute Hernals
| kuk officier daughters education institute | |
|---|---|
| type of school | Secondary school (teacher, housekeeping) |
| founding | 1775 (St. Pölten), 1785/6 (Hernals) |
| place | Sankt Pölten / Hernals near Vienna |
| Country | Duchy of Austria / Empire of Austria / Austria-Hungary |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 13 '1 " N , 16 ° 19' 57" E |
| carrier | kuk war ministry |
| student | up to 130 |
The kuk Officier Daughter Education Institute was a training center for educators during the Habsburg Monarchy , first in St. Pölten , then in Hernals near Vienna .
Sankt Pölten
After no suitable and, above all, cheap location for the newly founded institute had been found in Vienna, it was moved to Sankt Pölten in Austria under the Enns in 1775 . After a long search, a suitable headmistress (= home manager) was finally found on November 25, 1775, and operations in a rented house were started on December 14, 1775 with ten girls. These girls were taught by the English Misses in a room separate from the rest of the school lessons.
In 1777 the officer's daughters' education institute moved to a house that was closer to the English girls.
Emperor Joseph II visited the institute in 1779 and was very satisfied with the operation. So he gave the instruction not to harass the headmaster with instructions and instructions. A silver spoon was bought for each pupil from a gift of money from the emperor .
Two years later (1781) the President of the Court War Council, Andreas Hadik von Futak, also praised the headmaster, as she - depending on the financial possibilities of the institute - increased the number of training places for the girls.
Hernals (Vienna)
A handwriting from the emperor dated October 30, 1785 instructed the court war council to buy the Paulinen building in Hernals near Vienna and an adjacent field. Joseph II transferred the necessary money to the Court War Council a few days later. The decision whether the house in Sankt Pölten should be used by the military or sold was left to the Court War Council.
On October 6, 1786, the then 30 girls from Sankt Pölten moved to the former monastery building of the Pauliner hermits in today's Kalvarienberggasse opposite the Kalvarienbergkirche in Hernals, in today's 17th district of Vienna .
On this occasion, Emperor Joseph II set up some new rules for the institute - with which he was very satisfied. He increased the number of “Stiftlinge” to 40 and set the admission age at the age of eight. In order not to let the institute “degenerate” into a care home, the girls had to leave the home at the age of 20 and earn their own living.
In a lecture on April 12, 1777, the President of the Court War Council asked the Kaiser to grant military pensions to former schoolgirls who had become unable to work due to illness or other circumstances. This then happened on October 24, 1786 and later also had indirect effects on the kuk Officier Daughter Education Institute in Ödenburg .
On November 13, 1786, the emperor first visited the institute in Hernals.
Due to the isolated location between vineyards and fields outside Vienna, six military invalids were relocated to the home to protect against burglars.
From 1789 to 1801, the head of the officer's daughter education institute was also in charge of the kk civil girl boarding school founded in 1786.
During the reign of Emperor Franz I , the Court War Council was urged, due to the catastrophic financial situation of the state, to also encourage the Hernals Institute to save, but "without offending it".
In 1808, the institute acquired the first wall mirror.
After the healthy return of Emperor Franz I from the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , the Lower Austrian gentlemen's estates decided to take over the maintenance costs for six pupils. On June 16, 1815, the ceremonial introduction of the first donor took place in the presence of the Lower Austrian Land Marshal Count von Dietrichstein as representative of the estates and the general of the cavalry Prince Rosenberg as representative of the Court War Council.
An imperial handwritten letter dated November 5, 1826 ordered six-monthly examinations of the girls 'educational level, similar to what was already customary in the kk civil girls' boarding school . This was the first time that the school supervisor was given insight, but also had an impact on the situation in the institute. The diocesan school superintendent had to give the emperor a detailed report on these exams. He found nothing wrong with the lessons given by the head overseer and her sub-overseers, but had some suggestions for improvement. The harshest criticism concerned the neglectful attendance of the masses by the schoolgirls on Sunday, especially in bad weather. This earned the superintendent a stern admonition from the emperor to strictly monitor the girls' attendance at mass. The superintendent's application to hire a certified German teacher was rejected by the Court War Council.
Franz Grillparzer wrote a poem for a celebration held on the occasion of these exams .
After complaints about the general structural condition and the cramped conditions, the institute building was commissioned on March 16, 1854. As a result, the house was renovated, new furniture and some pictures and mirrors for the bedrooms were purchased. At the intercession of the Army High Command, Emperor Franz Joseph I released 43,000 guilders from the first state charity lottery for an extension that was built between 1857 and 1858. Due to the resulting improved space, the emperor approved the increase of the monastery places to 70 on November 5, 1857.
On April 14, 1859, the Army High Command gave the order that the institute should be called the Imperial and Royal Officier Daughter Educational Institute .
In 1874, the War Ministry came up with the idea of training teachers for public schools in addition to private educators. Adolf von Wurmb, head of the 6th department in the Imperial and Royal Ministry of War, won Empress Elisabeth as advocate for this plan, for which money was needed above all (teachers, teaching materials, ...). On the occasion of the upcoming centenary, they themselves donated 10,000 guilders and launched a fundraising campaign.
On June 21, 1876, Emperor Franz Joseph I designated 150,000 guilders from this fundraising campaign for another extension and renovation of the existing buildings. 10,000 guilders were to be used to set up the institute and to equip the new donors. The rest of the donation money was also invested in favor of the institute in order to increase the number of training places. The 43 additional places won in this way were named Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Stiftung .
Work on the extension, into which water from the first Viennese spring water pipeline was also discharged, began on July 29, 1876.
The year 1876 brought even more innovations: The War Ministry ordered that the pupils could spend one of the two vacation months during the summer with their parents or other relatives, provided that they requested it, covered the travel expenses and provided appropriate travel companions. In addition, the female pupils were given a Sunday exit once a month in order to visit their parents or relatives. A few years later, the “home leave” during the summer was increased to the entire duration of the summer vacation of two months. This measure was intended to prevent future teachers from being raised to be unworldly people.
For the long-time headmistress, who was used to the girls keeping in touch with their relatives in writing or being visited by them in the institute, but otherwise hardly allowed to leave the institute except for visits to masses, the new freedoms granted were granted together with the upcoming changes in school operations much. She retired at the age of 75. Three of the four subordinates who had taught with her also left the institute.
On January 1st, 1877, Adele von Arbter took over the management of the institute, at the same time as two and a little later a third new subordinate took over the service. The new director introduced some innovations for school operations, for example a regular teachers' conference or bell signals that should signal the start and end of lessons.
The new curriculum for the new training center for teachers at elementary and community schools was approved by the highest resolution by Emperor Franz Joseph I on July 24, 1877 and then published. Thereupon the teaching staff of the institute was increased. New subjects were geometry , bookkeeping , singing , household studies and gymnastics . In addition, depending on the nationality of the students, the Bohemian (Czech) or Hungarian language was also on the curriculum.
After the Emperor and Empress Elisabeth had already visited the institute on February 18th, they came to Hernals on October 4th of the same year to mark the opening of the newly built wing (Elisabeth wing) .
Also in 1877 the type of cooperation between the two officer's daughter institutes was regulated. The newly arrived pupils received elementary and community school lessons in Ödenburg. Once this goal was achieved, they moved to Hernals to receive their pedagogical training here. For the pupils from Ödenburg, this arrangement had the advantage that they too were entitled to the military pension that went back to Emperor Joseph II. The first 13 pupils moved to Hernals in September 1877.
A typhus epidemic broke out in the institute in mid-February 1878 . Nevertheless, Empress Elisabeth came to visit Hernals and then received regular reports on the health of the sick girls. By order of the Reich Ministry of War, the head superior moved to Baden near Vienna in the Sauerhof with 68 girls who had remained healthy , in order to await the end of the epidemic, from which two pupils in the institute and another girl died in her family. The return to Hernals was only possible on May 10th.
After the first female pupils successfully passed their school leaving examination in 1880 , the Reich Ministry of War approved the establishment of a training school for external pupils on August 1, 1881 at the request and application of the teaching staff.
On the occasion of the silver wedding anniversary of the imperial couple, Emperor Franz Joseph I donated 20 free places from his private box to the officers' daughters institute, known as the Franz Joseph Elisabeth Foundation . In 1881, on the occasion of the marriage of the heir to the throne Rudolf and Stephanie, the emperor donated another ten free places.
The institute's pupils from the plateau of the outer castle gate witnessed the pageant on the Ringstrasse in Vienna , organized by Hans Makart on July 24, 1879 because of the Silver Wedding . The next day the Empress sent a cake to Hernals that was enough for 130 people.
On December 17, the Reich Ministry of War made the newly renovated castle of Hirtenberg, which had previously served as a factory for gun cotton, available as a holiday home ( Sanatorium Hirtenberg ) .
The practice school was opened in the school year 1881/1882. In the same school year the Reich Ministry of War bought two houses on Hernalser Hauptstrasse for the planned expansion. The laying of the foundation stone for the garden wing to be built according to plans by the architect Eugen Schweigl took place on October 15, 1881. This building was completed at the beginning of the school year 1883/1884.
Prince Prisdang of Siam visited the institute on November 22, 1881, as did Crown Princess Stephanie a little later . On February 20, 1882, Field Marshal Archduke Albrecht Friedrich of Austria honored the pupils' ball for one and a half hours with his presence and a donation of candies and oranges. From this point onwards, he sent this donation to the institute every year on Mardi Gras.
In order to ensure that the pupils at the Officer's Daughter Institute, who were not up to the curriculum for training as teachers, can also complete vocational training, the War Ministry decided to introduce training as kindergarten teachers. For this reason, a kindergarten was opened in the school year 1882/1883 (September 18). The parents had to pay two guilders for his visit. The previously free attendance at the practice school cost one guilder tuition fee from 1883. These revenues had to be delivered to the military cash register.
Since many girls were still too young to enter the pedagogy (at least 15 years) and often too weak after completing the lessons corresponding to a community school, a preparatory class was introduced in the school year 1887/1888. Older and well-prepared pupils could transfer directly.
On May 13, 1888, the monument to Maria Theresa was unveiled on today's Maria-Theresien-Platz between the Natural History Museum and the Art History Museum . Since she was a co-founder of the institute, the students from the officer's daughters educational institute were also there. A feast was held at the institute on this occasion.
Originally, the girls were assigned two oratorios to attend mass in the Calvary Church opposite the institute to attend Holy Mass . With the increasing number of convents, the space became too little, so that one finally switched to taking them to the masses in two and later three groups. The approval of the Reich Ministry of War that from October 1, 1881, with the consent of the pastor von Hernals, a separate mass could be held for the institute did not help much. Because during this service the church gate was not allowed to be locked and so numerous other believers were also present.
For this reason the head superior asked the board of the 6th department of the Reich Ministry of War in a letter to build her own chapel. This construction project was applied for at the War Ministry. The first non-binding plans for this chapel and other urgently needed rooms were drawn up by the architect Richard Jordan and the city architect Josef Schmalzhofer. On March 23, 1888, the new Minister of War, Freiherr von Bauer, granted permission for the construction and construction began on April 3, 1888.
The completed chapel was to be inaugurated on November 19, 1888, the emperor's name day. Since he had to travel to Bavaria because of the death of Duke Max Joseph , the father of Empress Elisabeth , this ceremony was postponed to November 21, where it was held in the presence of the Emperor, Crown Prince Rudolf and his wife Stephanie, the Archdukes Wilhelm and Rainer , the Prime Minister Taffee, the Reich Minister for War Freiherr von Bauer and other dignitaries.
At the same time as the chapel and other rooms were built, a hospital was built. For this purpose, the houses in Hernalser Hauptstrasse 57 and 59 acquired in the school year 1881/82 were demolished. Sales vaults were erected on the ground floor of the building and were rented out.
A very high order of October 17, 1889 ordered that from now on the army, all its parts, organs and institutions had to use the designation "imperial and royal" - and thus also the kuk officer's daughter education institutes in Hernals and Ödenburg .
The end of the year brought two more distinguished visitors. In October, Madame de Reutern from the Imperial Russian Girls Education Institute in Moscow visited the institute and on December 19, the Imperial Japanese Princess Arizugawa Takihito.
The further history of the institute is not very certain.
History after 1918
In 1918 the Republic of German Austria took over the school and house, and from 1920 the institute was called the Federal Educational Institute for Girls Vienna 17 . In 1934, the students moved to the building of the former Kk Franz-Joseph-Military Academy in Boerhaavegasse in the 3rd district , where the school now continues as a higher boarding school of the Federal Republic of Vienna .
Between 1915 and 1935 Hilda Adele Theresia Gerhart, who was active as a geologist and mineralogist, worked as a teacher at the Federal Educational Institute for Girls . Hertha Firnberg graduated from
the German High School , which was the successor in the house until 1934, in the school year 1927/1928 , who became Federal Minister for Science and Research between 1971 and 1983.
literature
- Regulations for the Hernals Officiers Daughter Education Institute . Court and State Printing House , Vienna 1859.
- Adele von Arbter: From the history of the kuk officier daughters education institutes. Publishing house of the Hernals Institute, Vienna 1892.
- Karl Rosenberg: The kuk officierdaughter educational institutes in words and pictures . Collotype production by the kuk military-geographic institute in Vienna, 1896.
Web links
- The Kalvarienberg technical school
- K. uk officier daughters education institute in Hernals in Vienna - pictures from "The kuk officier daughters education institutes in words and pictures"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Since Ms. Adele von Arbter, head of the kuk Officier Daughter Educational Institute in Hernals and since November 5, 1888, has been the recipient of the Golden Cross of Merit with the Crown, wrote the book From the History of the kuk Officier Daughter Educational Institutes in 1892, and none There are other well-known (German-language) sources, unfortunately the further history of the educational institute in Ödenburg is in the dark.