Max Joseph in Bavaria

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Duke Max in Bavaria
Duke Max in Bavaria, around 1850

Duke Max in Bavaria (actually Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria ) (* December 4, 1808 in Bamberg ; † November 15, 1888 in Munich ) came from the line of the dukes in Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach and was one of the most important supporters of Bavarian folk music in 19th century. He was the father of Elisabeth , who later became Empress of Austria and Apostolic Queen of Hungary , better known as Sissi .

Life

Max Joseph was the son of Duke Pius August in Bavaria (1786-1837) from the Wittelsbach branch of the Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen family and his wife Amalie Luise von Arenberg (1789-1823).

education

His liberal-minded grandfather Wilhelm took care of his upbringing in Bavaria , so that from 1817 to 1824 he attended the public royal educational institute for students (Seminarium Gregorianum) in Munich, headed by Benedict von Holland OSB .

marriage

The grandfather also arranged to marry King Maximilian I Joseph's daughter Ludovika , which took place in September 1828 against the will of the two twenty-year-old bride and groom.

Interests

After the death of his grandfather, Max Joseph was a rich man and could afford a luxurious lifestyle. So from 1828 to 1831 he had a magnificent palace built in Munich based on a design by Leo von Klenze , the Herzog-Max-Palais , in which there is not only a singing café ( café-chantant , Bavarian "Brettl") with an extremely There was a freely designed 44 meter long frieze , but also a small circus arena. Here the enthusiastic rider performed tricks for his guests or disguised himself as a clown to make fun of the audience. Like his daughter, the Empress Sisi , he made extensive trips, especially the countries in the Mediterranean area. In 1834 he acquired Possenhofen Castle and in 1838 the Unterwittelsbach moated castle . He also owned the Banz Monastery , while his wife Ludovika inherited the Tegernsee Monastery with the Wildbad Kreuth from her father .

Duke Max achieved that the zither , previously regarded as a "rag instrument", also found its way into court circles. He was also called the Zither Maxl because of his passion , was a virtuoso zither player himself and also composed for the zither. The zither virtuoso Johann Petzmayer was his teacher and was sponsored by him. These two made the zither the Bavarian national instrument par excellence. But he was also very fond of literature, theater, hunting and riding. Many sketches and dramas by Duke Max appeared under the name “Phantasus”.

On January 20, 1838, he traveled with a small entourage from Munich via Venice, Corfu, Patras, Athens, Alexandria and Cairo to the Holy Land . In the Salvator Church in Jerusalem , he was invested by the Franciscan Custodian as a Knight of the Holy Sepulcher . After eight months, he returned to his palace in Munich's Ludwigstrasse on September 17, 1838 . In 1839 he was made an honorary member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

His marriage to the unloved wife was anything but happy. He was finally reconciled with his wife shortly before the golden wedding. the couple finally spent the last ten years of their marriage in harmony.

death

Duke Max died on November 15, 1888 after two strokes. His remains were buried in the family crypt at Tegernsee Castle . Many people paid their last respects to the popular, popular duke. The Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph and heir to the throne Rudolf were also present, but not his favorite daughter Sisi . Empress Elisabeth had preferred to travel to Corfu for recreation .

progeny

The children: Sophie , Maximilian Emanuel , Carl Theodor , Helene Karoline Therese , Ludwig Wilhelm , Mathilde Ludovika and Maria Sophie Amalie . Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie ("Sisi") is not in the picture . Painting by Joseph Karl Stieler .

In September 1828 Max Joseph married Ludovika, a daughter of the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph . They had ten children:

Movie

literature

Web links

Commons : Max Joseph in Bayern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Sigrid-Maria Großering : Sisi and her family . Ueberreutherverlag
  2. ↑ Isabel Grimm-Stadelmann, Alfred Grimm: A zither part on the Nile. Duke Maximilian's trip to the Orient in Bavaria and his oriental collection. Publication on the occasion of the reopening of the Banz Monastery Museum with the new presentation of the Oriental Collection . State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-028288-1 .
  3. ↑ Hans Jürgen Brandt: Jerusalem has friends. Munich and the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher . EOS 2010, p. 36.
  4. ↑ Max Joseph in Bavaria: “Migration to the Orient in 1838”, books.google
  5. ↑ br.de: The Zithermaxl and his life
personal data
SURNAME Bavaria, Max Joseph in
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bavaria, Duke Max in; Phantasus (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian duke and patron of folk music
DATE OF BIRTH December 4, 1808
PLACE OF BIRTH Bamberg
DATE OF DEATH November 15, 1888
Place of death Munich