Kalvarienberg (Bad Toelz)

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Leonhardikapelle and Kreuzkirche on Kalvarienberg (2014)

The Calvary in Bad Tölz , Upper Bavaria, is a hill in the urban area that today offers a baroque ensemble, consisting of the double Catholic Church of the Holy Cross, the Leonhardi Chapel and the actual Calvary with Mount of Olives, Golgotha Hill , Dungeon Chapel and Stations of the Cross Century.

Höhenberg and execution site

The hill known today as Kalvarienberg was formerly simply called "Höhenberg". From the Middle Ages one of the two Tölz execution sites was located there . There was a gallows on this high mountain , at the other place of execution, on today's Mühlfeld, was mostly executed by sword or wheel . The guild of weavers , who were considered dishonest at the time, was responsible for maintaining the gallows . However, in 1630 the Tölzer weavers bought themselves free of this obligation for 70 guilders. Executioners were requested from Munich until the 18th century, as the Tölz district court did not have its own executioners. The Swedish troops, which invaded during the Thirty Years' War in 1632, led the then caretaker to Tölz, Caesar Crivelli, to the hill on a horse without a saddle.

Because of the construction of the church, this gallows on the Höhenberg was moved further north in 1761, which is still reminiscent of the name " Galgenleite ". According to the historian Joseph Katzameyer, all carpenters from the Tölz guild and from Wolfratshausen were called in to build this new gallows , each of which "only had to do one blow so that one person did not stand there in the eyes of the other". The last execution on the now so-called Calvariberg probably took place in the 1790s. There are different representations of the exact year. Johann Nepomuk Sepp describes the execution of a journeyman potter convicted of repeated theft .

Leonhardi Chapel (2011)

When King Ludwig I visited Tölz on September 5, 1829, he stayed for a long time with his wife on the Kalvarienberg in a specially built pavilion, ate his lunch there and enjoyed the view of the Karwendel Mountains.

Leonhardi Chapel

During the Murder Christmas of Sendling in 1705, Tölz carpenters vowed to build a chapel as a thank you in the event of a happy return home. But only after the withdrawal of the Austrian occupiers and the return of Elector Max Emanuel could this pledge be fulfilled. The Catholic Leonhard Chapel was therefore built from 1718 in honor of the Mother of God and the two craft patrons St. Joseph and St. Johann Baptist and St. Leonhard . Its veneration increased sharply due to the cattle epidemics in the 18th century and the consecrated votive chain that has surrounded the chapel since 1743 is dedicated to this. However, the chapel was not consecrated until 1726, together with the later built Kreuzkirche. However, other sources point to a consecration as early as 1722.

The west-facing, single-aisled building has a needle cap barrel as well as a three-sided choir closure and an octagonal roof turret with onion dome. While the chapel has been the destination of pilgrims and loose Leonhard rides since 1718, it has been the annual destination of the Tölzer Leonhardifahrt since 1856 , which developed into the largest of its kind.

Calvary

As early as 1711, the electoral salt and customs officer Friedrich Nockher (1660–1754) had a cross built on the hill. He came from an impoverished family from Matrei am Brenner , but they achieved prosperity and reputation in Tölz from the 17th century. His grandfather Kaspar Nockher married Anna Fering in 1623, the owner of the Alte Hopfapotheke. His grandson Friedrich was a salt clerk and trader and saved Tölz from pillage by Austrian troops in 1705 by paying these 2,000 guilders. His son Friedrich took over his father's trading house and in 1719 became a salt and customs officer.

Encouraged by the Kalvarienberg , built in Lenggries in 1694 and at the inauguration of which he was present, Friedrich Nockher pushed for a further expansion in Tölz, whereby the area on the Höhenberg was assigned to him by the magistrate. In 1718 Nockher donated seven wayside chapels for the representation of the "Seven Falls of Christ", as the forerunner of the Way of the Cross with 14 stations. He also donated a holy staircase in the open air, a replica of the Scala Santa in Rome, the Mount of Olives and a final chapel with a crucifixion group. The staircase was built over with the double church from 1723.

Way of the Cross

The Kalvarienberg, which begins in today's Nockhergasse, first leads up to the Mount of Olives . The figure of Christ was created by Joseph Otto Entres in 1835 , the angel by Franz Anton Fröhlich in 1822, the three sleeping disciples before 1773 by Joseph Anton Fröhlich.

The dungeon chapel, a grotto with a portico and side aisles, was built in 1735, with figures by the Tölz sculptor Joseph Anton Fröhlich. Above is the pilaster-structured Kreuzannagelungskapelle with frescoes. In 1871, Joseph Sattler added passion scenes there. The large crucifix on the floor was also made by Fröhlich. On the Golgotha ​​hill above is a monumental, larger than life crucifixion group. The figure of Christ comes from 1721 by Martin Hammerl. The two thieves were added in 1860, created by Paul Weiß, and in 1872 the sculptures of Maria, Johannes and Maria Magdalena by Saturnin Kiene. In 1874, Dr. Merz 15 stations of the cross made of sandstone. In 1926 the "Association for the Preservation of the Calvary", founded two years earlier, added five chapels on the Way of the Cross.

Double Church of the Holy Cross

Holy Cross Church (2007)

The largest building on the Kalvarienberg is the Holy Cross Church, which can be seen from afar. The previously created Holy Staircase was built over with a church from 1723. Before that, the Kreuzkirche, consecrated in 1726, was built. These two churches were eventually united and have since formed a twin church . In 1732, the two facade towers with octagonal upper floors were built and the cross hill next to them was raised. Hieronymus Weber created the spiers in 1757. From 1763 to 1804, the eastern extension of the church housed a hermit monastery. The various construction phases of the elongated building are easy to read today.

The overbuilt Holy Staircase to the north has arched windows, choir chapels closed on three sides and a flat ceiling with a sloping cove . Like the Roman model, the staircase comprises 28 steps, with two side stairs and the large central section, which is only reserved for prayer on your knees. The upper floor is surrounded by a gallery, the tendril stucco is from 1726. The long main fresco of the Resurrection of Christ was created in 1813 by Franz Anton Fröhlich and Matthias Schmaunz based on a design by Joseph Hauber . The chapel fresco of the Holy Trinity from the 1720s was also reworked by Fröhlich in 1813. The altar can also be dated to 1726, other figures to the period up to 1760. The crypt of Friedrich Nockher is located under the Holy Staircase. Frescoes honor him and his life's work.

The middle section to the Kreuzkirche shows three rows of different window shapes and risalit-like facades. The cruciform church is structured by three arches on each of the four sides. In the anteroom there is an organ gallery, to the north an elevated choir with a cross altar and below the grave chapel. On both sides there are stairs leading to the Holy Staircase, the upper floor serves as an oratory . Below is the hermit's crypt. Frescoes were created there in 1785 by Joseph Matthäus Ott, the choir fresco was renewed in 1880 by Joseph Sattler. The high altar with cross relic dates from the same year. Two side altars serve as reliquary shrines for Saints Regina and Thekla.

  • Calvary over the Isar

  • Kreuzkirche

  • Holy stairs

  • Crucifixion group

  • Mount of Olives

  • Altar of the Leonhardi Chapel

  • portal

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Tölz in old pictures; Walter Frei, 2000; Page 105
  2. ↑ a b Murder stories from Bad Tölz and the Isarwinkel; CS-Verlag; Maximilian Czysz, Christoph Schnitzer; 2003; Page 14
  3. ↑ Murder stories from Bad Tölz and the Isarwinkel; CS-Verlag; Maximilian Czysz, Christoph Schnitzer; 2003; Page 15
  4. ↑ The Chronicle of Tölz; Publishing house Günther Aehlig; Georg Westermayer ; 3rd edition 1976; Page 208
  5. ↑ Bad Tölz; Christoph Schnitzer, Roland Haderlein, Claudia Petzl; CS-Verlag; 2006; Page 55
  6. ↑ a b c Monuments in Bavaria: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district; Karl M. Lipp-Verlag; Georg Paula, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen; 1994; Page 34
  7. ↑ Archive images: Bad Tölz; Karl M. Sutton Publishing House; Peter Blath; 2009; Page 100
  8. ↑ Sagas and legends about Tölzer Land and Isarwinkel; Gisela Schinzel-Penth ; Ambro Lacus Publishing House; 2006; Page 135
  9. ↑ Bad Tölz; Christoph Schnitzer, Roland Haderlein, Claudia Petzl; CS-Verlag; 2006; Page 54
  10. ^ Bad Tölz - streets, squares, people; Walter Frei, Barbara Schwarz; 2003; Page 25
  11. ^ Bad Tölz - streets, squares, people; Walter Frei, Barbara Schwarz; 2003; Page 26
  12. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district; Karl M. Lipp-Verlag; Georg Paula, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen; 1994; Page 30
  13. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district; Karl M. Lipp-Verlag; Georg Paula, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen; 1994; Page 32
  14. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district; Karl M. Lipp-Verlag; Georg Paula, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen; 1994; Page 33
  15. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district; Karl M. Lipp-Verlag; Georg Paula, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen; 1994; Page 32
  16. ↑ Bad Tölz; Christoph Schnitzer, Roland Haderlein, Claudia Petzl; CS-Verlag; 2006; Page 54
  17. ↑ Bad Tölz; Christoph Schnitzer, Roland Haderlein, Claudia Petzl; CS-Verlag; 2006; Page 26

Web links

Commons : Kalvarienberg (Bad Tölz)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 45 '49.4 "  N , 11 ° 33' 20.4"  E