Capuchin monastery Baden-Baden

Capuchin monastery Baden-Baden
Capuchin monastery Baden-Baden (left), view from the east, approx. 1800
medal	Capuchin
founding year	1631
Cancellation / year	1807
Start-up	new order
Patronage	Saint Birgitta of Sweden
location
country	Germany
region	Baden-Württemberg
place	Baden-Baden
Geographical location	48 ° 46 '  N , 8 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 45 '54.6 "  N , 8 ° 14' 11"  E
Situation in Germany

The Capuchin Monastery of Baden-Baden is an abandoned monastery of the Capuchin Order in the city of Baden-Baden . The foundation stone was laid in 1631. The monastery, which was cremated in 1689 and rebuilt between 1694 and 1698, was closed in 1807 and converted into a guest house and bath house , the predecessor of the Hotel Badischer Hof .

history

founding

After Tilly's victory at Wimpfen on May 6, 1622, Margrave Wilhelm could take over his legacy. One of his main goals was the re-Catholicization of his rule. In this sense he promoted the Capuchin Order. In 1624 the Episcopal Ordinariate in Speyer transferred the pulpit of the collegiate church to the Capuchins . On May 16, 1625, the General Chapter of the Capuchins in Rome approved the construction of a Capuchin monastery in Baden-Baden. The choice of the building site for the monastery on the northern border of the Swiss Capuchin Province was complicated. The construction site was outside the city walls on the south bank of the Oos and thus in the area and in the jurisdiction of the diocese of Strasbourg . De facto, the monastery was linked to the diocese of Speyer , whose southern border was the Oos. On May 28, 1631 the stone cross of the Capuchins was erected on the building site and the foundation stone was laid by Margrave Wilhelm. The construction work that had started was interrupted by the Swedish occupation of Baden-Baden from January 1632 to September 1634.

First monastery

On August 2, 1641 the first monastery building was consecrated by the Speyer auxiliary bishop Gangolf Stailinger in honor of St. Birgitta of Sweden, an ancestor of the margrave. A local specialty of the monastery was the use of thermal water in two bath boxes. When the city was occupied by Bernhard von Weimar in 1643 and by Swedish and French troops in 1645, the monastery remained undisturbed. In 1668, the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province split off from the Swiss Capuchin Province. During the French conquest of Baden-Baden in 1689, the Capuchin monastery was burned down on November 9th, contrary to an instruction from Marshal Duc de Duras .

Second monastery

With the edict of the margrave Ludwig Wilhelm , the monastery was rebuilt from 1694 to 1698 at the expense of the margrave. In addition to the Lichtenthal Monastery , the Capuchin Church served as the heart burial place of the Baden-Baden margraves. In 1712, Margravine Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg donated a chapel next to the monastery. In 1746 a chapel was added in honor of the order member Fidelis von Sigmaringen , who was canonized on June 29, 1746 . In the inheritance contract of January 28, 1765 between the houses of Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach, the monastery was guaranteed and the occupation was set at 14 fathers and four lay brothers. In 1803 the monastery was put on the extinction budget. In 1805, Margrave Karl Friedrich united the monasteries of Baden-Baden, Bruchsal, Waghäusel, Michaelsberg , Offenburg, Oberkirch, Wertheim and Mannheim to form the Baden custody .

secularization

In 1807 the monastery was dissolved . Seven remaining fathers and three lay brothers left the monastery, taking with them what was believed to be a Dürer painting. The inventory was distributed to neighboring parish churches or auctioned. The high altar and the pulpit of the lay church were set up in the parish church of Ebersteinburg . The side altars were brought to Daxlanden and the statues of Saints Joseph and Fidelis were placed on the forecourt of the church in Steinbach . A Roman tombstone depicting a wagon, which was inserted into the wall of the monastery garden and which gave rise to a legend, found its way into the city's antiques hall . A cedar tree in the courtyard was illegally felled by the Capuchins and the wood was sold to a carpenter. The monastery building was sold to Johann Friedrich Cotta and, on his behalf, Friedrich Weinbrenner converted it into the Hotel Badischer Hof from 1807 . Today the adjacent Kapuzinerstraße is reminiscent of the abandoned monastery.

Dissolution of the library

The library of the Capuchin monastery was confiscated by the Baden state after the abolition of the monastery in 1807 and was initially transferred to the library of the Lyceum Baden-Baden. A part of the book inventory, which also includes 16 incunabula and some post incunabula , has been preserved in the library of the city of Rastatt in the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Gymnasium after the further transfer in 1808 .

literature

• Emil Lacroix, Peter Hirschfeld, Heinrich Niester: The art monuments of the city of Baden-Baden . (= The art monuments of Baden . Volume 11). CF Müller, Karlsruhe 1942, pp. 155-165.
• Franz Xaver Lenz: The Capuchin Monastery in Baden-Baden. In: Die Ortenau 18, 1931, pp. 114–127 ( online ).
• Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Capuchin monastery Baden-Baden. In: Die Kapuzinerklöster Vorderösterreichs, Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, 6th issue, St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, pp. 158–163.
• Wolfgang Müller: The Capuchin Monastery Baden-Baden. In: Die Ortenau 58, 1978, pp. 496-500 ( online ).

Web links

• Capuchin monastery Baden-Baden in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives

Individual evidence

1. ^ Georg Manz: The Capuchins in the right bank of the Rhine area of ​​the Speyer diocese in the 17th and 18th centuries, script, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Freiburg i. Br., 1979, p. 39.
2. ↑ Kurt Andermann: Residences: Aspects of Capital Centrality from the Early Modern Era to the End of the Monarchy, Thorbecke, 1992, p. 173.
3. ^ Kurt Andermann: Capuchin monastery Baden-Baden - history. Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg, accessed on February 25, 2018
4. ^ Carl Ludwig Frommel, Alois Wilhelm Schreiber: Baden and its surroundings in picturesque views, edition 4, Braun, 1827.
5. ↑ Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Kapuzinerkloster Baden-Baden , In: Die Kapuzinerklöster Vorderösterreichs, Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, 6th issue, St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, pp. 158-163.
6. ↑ Cf. Ewa Dubowik-Belka: Incunabula of the historical library of the city of Rastatt in the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Gymnasium, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999, 147 pp.