Karl Heinzen

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Karl Heinzen. Illustration by Otto Emil Lau (1893)
The Zurich atheism dispute of 1845 (Ruge, Follen, Heinzen, Schulz). Caricature by an unknown artist.

Karl (Peter) Heinzen (born February 22, 1809 in Grevenbroich ; † November 12, 1880 in Boston ) was a German-American writer and publicist.

Life

It is known about Heinzen's childhood that his mother died when he was only four years old. His stepmother, who urged him to become a Catholic priest , aroused strong opposition in him, which was reflected in his later anti-clerical attitude. From his father, who refused to take over the Rhine area , he got his hatred of Prussia ( Musspreußen ) registered.

After attending school in his home town of Grevenbroich and in Kempen , Heinzen began studying medicine at the University of Bonn in 1827 , where he became a member of the Corps Guestphalia Bonn in 1828 . In 1829 he was convicted of a speech in which he accused his teacher of narrow-mindedness and lack of academic freedom , the University condemned relegated . He was drafted into the Dutch colonial army from which he was stationed in Batavia ( East India ). Here his aversion to any kind of coercion increased. His subsequent compulsory year of service in the Prussian military led to his rejection of militarism . He then worked for eight years as an official in the tax administration. In several writings he sharply criticized the Prussian administration and had to flee to Belgium in 1844 , later to Switzerland , where he made the acquaintance of Ludwig Feuerbach and Arnold Ruge , and in 1847 to the USA . From there he conducted a journalistic discussion with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the Deutsche-Brusser-Zeitung . After the outbreak of the March Revolution in 1848, he returned to Germany and supported the Baden Revolution . After its failure, he went back to the United States, where he was editor and publisher of several newspapers, in particular Pionier , which was last published in Boston from 1859 to 1879 . Heinzen uncompromisingly advocated democratic views in his writings , from which he also derived a morally conditioned equal rights for women. His attitude towards revolutionary violence, which propagated terrorist attacks against ruling dynasties and against an uninvolved civilian population as a means to an end, remains questionable. In addition, he published poems and plays.

Fonts

German Revolution, Bern 1847. Title page
  • Journey to Batavia , Cologne 1841 digitized
  • Officials ' secret conduit lists , Cologne 1842 digitized
  • The Prussian bureaucratic agency , Darmstadt 1845 digitized
  • A profile , Schaerbeck 1845
  • The opposition. Edited by K. Heinzen. Heinrich Hoff, Mannheim 1846 digitized
  • German revolution. Collected pamphlets . Jenny, Berlin 1847 digitized
  • First pure air, then pure soil . Jenni, son, Bern 1848 digitized
  • The heroes of German communism. Dedicated to Mr. Karl Marx , Bern 1848 digitized
  • On the Rights and Position of Women , New York 1852
  • Murder and Freedom , New York 1853
  • Collected writings , 5 volumes, Boston 1858–1872 digitized volume 3
  • German radicalism in America. Selected lectures . Edited by the association for the spread of radical principles. 1867 digitized

literature

  • Franz Brümmer :  Heinzen, Karl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 50, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1905, p. 157 f.
  • Carl Wittke: Against the Current: The Life of Karl Heinzen . Chicago, Ill. 1945.
  • Helmut Hirsch :  Heinzen, Karl Peter. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 452 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 2: F-H. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0809-X , pp. 288-289.
  • Gerhard K. Friesen (Ed.): “Despite all this and all”. Ferdinand Freiligrath's letters to Karl Heinzen from 1845 to 1848. With a list of Heinzen's writings . Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 1997, ISBN 3-89528-192-1 .
  • Helmut Hirsch: Karl Heinzen, an American publicist from Grevenbroich . In: Contributions to the history of the city of Grevenbroich . 6, pp. 105-122 (1985).
  • Daniel Nagel: From Republican Germans to German-American Republicans. A contribution to the identity change of the German forty-eight in the United States 1850–1861. Röhrig, St. Ingbert 2012 ISBN 978-3-86110-504-6 .
  • Daniel Bessner: Delicate hands. Terrorism, women and emancipation in the work of Karl Heinzen. In: Christine Hikel, Sylvia Schraut (ed.): Terrorism and gender. Political violence in Europe since the 19th century. Frankfurt 2012, pp. 61–77.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anarchism in Germany - Vol. I: The Early Movement
  2. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 12 , 98
  3. ↑ Karl Heinzen: The murder . In: Die Evolution , Biel January 26, 1849.

Web links

Wikisource: Karl Heinzen  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Heinzen, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinzen, Karl Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American writer and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH Grevenbroich
DATE OF DEATH November 12, 1880
Place of death Boston