Karl Moritz Fleischer

Karl Moritz Fleischer (* 1809 in Eisleben , † 1876 in Dresden ) was an important teacher of the 19th century. He worked as a publicist and was counted among the Young Hegelians .

Award ceremony at the 3rd Leipzig Sports Festival in the 1860s. In keeping with the trend of his time, Fleischer had pointed out years earlier how important it was to set up sports halls and sports facilities in secondary schools.

Life

From 1832 Fleischer was a teacher at the pedagogy in Halle . During this time he met Arnold Ruge , who also taught at the pedagogy. Both were lifelong friends. In 1839 Fleischer became a teacher at the Royal High School in Kleve . One of his prominent students at this time was Jakob Moleschott . He got to know Hegel's philosophy from him . In 1842, Fleischer was the only educator who worked on the reformist Rheinische Zeitung . This supported democratic ideas with their articles for a year . In connection with his journalistic activities he made friendly contacts for many years and a. to Karl Marx and the co-editor of the Halle yearbooks Theodor Echtermeyer . In 1843 his son Moritz was born. In 1857 Fleischer was given the post of senior high school teacher at the Friedrichs-Gymnasium in Berlin. He taught there until 1870. Fleischer was, together with others, spokesman for high school teachers in the Rhenish schools and representative of teachers at higher schools in Berlin.

Fleischer worked together with others for freedom changes. He published his political and educational ideas. He was particularly committed to the implementation of pedagogical ideals in connection with reform proposals for democratic organizational structures in the public school system . Some of his ideas were also found in Wilhelm von Humboldt's liberalism . Humboldt's work in Prussia had given many suggestions for shaping the school system. In 1717, Prussia created the legal basis for compulsory schooling and expanded it with the General School Regulations in 1763. The concrete expansion of the public school system was still very bad.

Act

Fleischer participated actively with articles in the Hallische Jahrbucher, which Echtermeyer and Ruge had published since 1838. His focus here was history and education. In 1842 and 1843 his article appeared on the position and relationship of high school teachers in Prussia . In it he emphasized the importance of a well-founded school education for the state and for the individual. Based on the figures published in the article, he determined that the government had not yet made the necessary financial resources available for the school expansion, learning materials and teachers' salaries.

"In states where the free mind has already achieved free forms, the control is reciprocal. ... Its principle is: everyone can err and fall. In contrast, the control in the bureaucratic state is only one-sided from top to bottom. Its principle is: above Wisdom, folly below, ... etc. " Fleischer: About the Control in German Yearbooks No. 17, vol. 1843, page 65.

The hierarchical - authoritarian leadership of the schools and in particular of each individual teacher by the school management , school supervision and committees , prevents the effectiveness of learning and teaching . Teachers should be able to work independently, regardless of the accidental benevolence of their superiors and the teaching methodological specifications of the school inspectorate or the Ministry of Education , if pupils and schools are to achieve optimal results. Fleischer advocated the formation of regional school colleges, which should consist of teachers. Scientific research results should be discussed in these school colleges and proposals for their implementation in schools developed in accordance with school practice. Fleischer rejected redesigns from above because neither civil servants nor university professors had the appropriate knowledge of school practice. This corresponded to his liberal attitude and his pragmatic liberal view, which was based on the Hegelian philosophy .

For teacher training , he recommended that future teachers be given space and time during their studies and probationary periods for independent research into professional and academic content. The practice of drumming , which resulted from the extensive material requirements of the Prussian Ministry of Culture for the teacher examinations, only had negative effects on the later teaching activity. Timpani support the formation of a hollow , i.e. H. trivial knowledge of what makes scarecrows out of people . Research, however, serves the development of the entire teacher personality. Only teachers trained in this way could enable students to optimally learn and develop an equally independent personality. It would have to, in the interest of the government are so independent, autonomous, educate teachers when you come of age d. H. would like to have self-thinking citizens .

Publications

• Mythi imprimis Graeci natura. April 10, 1838 A publication in the Schulanalaen of the Frankischer Pädagogium in the Saxon town of Halle. Full text database of the Aristotle University in Thessaloniki.
• Review of Hurter's story, Pope Innocent the Third and His Contemporaries. In: Halle Yearbooks for Art and Science . Edited by Arnold Ruge and Theodor Echtermeyer, No. 287-292, year 1840.
• Karl Moritz Fleischer: About the position and relationship of high school teachers in Prussia . In: German yearbooks for science and art. Edited by Arnold Ruge and Theodor Echtermeyer. No. 180ff, year 1842 and No. 17ff, year 1843.

literature

• Kurt Abels: Dr. Moritz Fleischer (1809–1876) Life, writings, political activity. In: Philosophy, literature and politics before the revolutions of 1848. On the development of democratic movements in Europe. Edited by Lars Lambrecht . Frankfurt / Main, 1996, pp. 383-397.

Contemporary history

Wikisource: Category: 19. Century  - sources and full texts

• Jörg Engelbrecht: On the way from the corporate to the civic society. Reform processes in Germany in the age of Napoleon . The contribution appeared in the anthology: On the threshold to modernity. Germany around 1800 , ed. v. Peter Brandt, Bonn: Research Institute of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation 1999. Digital library of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation.
• Mahmoud Kandil: Social protest against the Napoleonic system of rule in the Grand Duchy of Berg 1808–1813 , published in the anthology: On the threshold of modernity. Germany around 1800 , ed. v. Peter Brandt, Bonn: Research Institute of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation 1999. Digital library of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Our time. German review of the present. Leipzig (Brockhaus) 1877, p. 158.
2. ↑ Moritz Fleischer from Kleve ... was friends with Marx since he worked on the 'Rheinische Zeitung' ... Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Joseph Weydemeyer: Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 2004. Berlin (Academy) p. 135.
3. ^ Arnold Ruge & Paul Nerrlich: Arnold Ruge's correspondence and diary sheets from the years 1825–1880: Volume 1. Berlin Weidmann 1886, p. 219.
4. ↑ Cf. Karl Moritz Fleischer: Review of Hurter's story Pope Innocent the Third and his contemporaries. No. 287-292, year 1840
5. ^ Karl Moritz Fleischer: About the position and relationship of high school teachers in Prussia . No. 180, vol. 1842, pp. 708-720 and no. 17, vol. 1843, pp. 65-80 .