Kepahiang Governorate

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Kabupaten Kepahiang
Kepahiang
location
Symbols
coat of arms
coat of arms
Basic data
Country Indonesia
province Bengkulu
Seat Kepahiang
surface 665 km²
Residents 125.001 (2010)
density 188 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 ID-BE
Website www.kepahiangkab.go.id (Indonesian)
politics
District President (Bupati) Hidayatullah Sjahid
Park area in Kepahiang
Park area in Kepahiang

Coordinates: 3 ° 39 ′  S , 102 ° 34 ′  E

Kepahiang is an Indonesian administrative district ( Kabupaten ) in Bengkulu Province on Sumatra Island .

Kepahiang is rich in natural resources including gold , precious stones , coal and geothermal resources, as well as a range of agricultural, forestry and aquatic products. These include rice , palm oil , coffee , tea , cocoa , corn , wood, rubber , coconut , pepper as well as various types of fruit and products from local fish farming.

The Kepahiang local government is running a number of development projects in the agricultural, energy and education sectors that have been taken over by the Indonesian government at the national level.

Kepahiang also has high tourism potential, especially in the field of eco and outdoor tourism. However, this has so far been largely unused and, like all other economic sectors, is to be sustainably expanded over the next few years.

geography

Overview

Waterfall in Kepahiang

Kepahiang an area of ​​66,500 acres. 48,393.69 hectares are used for agriculture, another 18,106.31 hectares are covered with forest. Of the forest areas, 8,515 hectares belong to a nature park, 3.20 hectares form a nature reserve and a further 9,588.11 hectares are also under protection. The landscape is mostly mountainous. The highest point is at 1600  m above sea level. d. M. and the lowest point at 250  m above sea level. d. M.

The administrative district is divided into eight districts with a total of 108 localities. The capital is the city of Kepahiang . To the north, Kepahiang borders the Rejang Lebong administrative district. To the east is the administrative district of Lahat in the province of South Sumatra . To the south is the Central Bengkulu Administrative Region . To the west, Kepahiang is bordered by North Bengkulu .

Several rivers originate from the mountains in Kepahiang, which are important for agriculture and which should also be used for tourism in the future. Ten waterfalls have so far been rated as interesting for tourists. Like the mountainous landscape, the Kepahiang rivers are also depicted in his coat of arms. The Curug Embun waterfall is over 100  meters high . The waterfall is located in an exotic setting, bordering the forest and the coffee fields of the local farmers and is easily accessible from a traffic point of view. The distance from the city center is about six kilometers. The place is also a popular destination for the local population due to its pleasant climate. In addition to the waterfall in Curug Embun, there are others, such as the Curug Burung Gendang waterfall in the village of Merindu.

The climate is tropical. The average temperature is 23.87 ° C with a humidity of 85.21%. The precipitation rate averages 233.5 mm / month.

Flora and fauna

Giant rafflesia

In the province of Bengkulu you can also find the giant rafflesia ( Rafflesia arnoldi ), a parasite whose flowers are up to one meter in diameter and can weigh up to 11 kilograms. It was discovered there by Joseph Arnold and Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1818. The latter was governor of Bengkulu Province at the time. The giant rafflesia are most common in Kepahiang. In addition to the giant rafflesia, you can also find the Bangkai flower in Kepahiang, which belongs to the genus of the titan arum ( Amorphophallus ). The best-known representatives of this genus are the Bangkai Raksasa , Suweg Raksasa and the Titan Arum ( Amorphophallus gigas , Sumatra Giant Amorphophallus ). The flower ' Amorphophallus Titanum' is the highest flower in the world with a height of up to six meters, followed by Amorphophallus gigas in second place.

structure

Kepahiang is divided into the following eight districts (Kecmatan) with a total of 108 villages (Desa).

The capital and administrative center is the city of Kepahiang. It consists of the most populous district. The average population density is 187 / km², although the density varies depending on the district.

population

The 125,001 inhabitants belong to various ethnic groups such as the Rejang Kepahiang, Serawai, Javanese, Lembak and Sundanese.

The population in Kepahiang is growing by an average of 1.2% per year, with the proportion of men and women being comparatively even. This puts the population growth rate in Kepahiang below the national average.

The ethnically heterogeneous population of Kepahiang is predominantly Muslim at 88%. Another 7% belong to Hinduism, 5% are Catholic Christians and 4% are Buddhists. The religious communities coexist peacefully.

history

Colonial times

Under Dutch colonial rule, Kepahiang was the capital of the Rejang Lebong administrative district , today's neighboring district of Kepahiang. This remained the case even after the 3.5 years of colonization by Japan and after Indonesia declared independence on August 17, 1945 to 1948. Kepahiang became the regional center of civil administration, all resistance organizations and the army. During a military operation by the Dutch colonial government, all points of organizational importance in Kepahiang, including the town hall, administrative buildings, post offices, telecommunications centers and police stations, were completely destroyed.

In 1949 the local government of Kepahiang was forced to station itself in the forests during the military conflict with the Dutch. The local government was unable to return to Kepahiang at the time, as the relevant infrastructure had been destroyed without exception. The administration was then moved to the city of Curup, which had a better infrastructure and could offer administrative buildings. In 1956, Curup was named the official capital of Rejang Lebong County. Kepahiang had lost its longstanding function as the capital.

Reformation from 1998 until today

In the course of the Reformation that began in 1998, the long-cherished intention of Kepahiang to become an independent administrative district again seemed to be within reach. In 1999 it was officially proposed that Kepahiang be converted into its own administrative district, independent of Rejang Lebong, to which it was previously part. The people of Kepahiang campaigned for this and founded an organization, the Panitia Kepersiapan Kabupaten Kepahiang (PPKK), which promoted this project. In 2002, the PPKK handed over the proposed proposal to the local government and central government in Jakarta. The proposal was accepted and finally came into effect on January 7, 2004 after the Interior Minister ( General Hari Sabarno ) ratified the creation of the new Kepahiang District.

In the period since 2004, Kepahiang has been administered by four local governments with three different government presidents.

Kepahiang has stood out as a socially and economically progressively developing region since its inception, the administration for which has received several awards from the central government in Jakarta and forestry development programs of the local government (period 4) have been partially adopted at the national level.

politics

regent Start office End office description Vice
Bando Amin.jpg
Bando Amin 		August 7, 2005 August 30, 2015 Regents first with a two-term term of local elections in Indonesia Abasri DJ
Bambang Sugianto
Bupati Kepahiang Hidayatullah Sjahid.png
Hidayatullah Sjahid 		17th February 2016 2021 Both rulers of local elections in Indonesia Netti Herawati

Here acts is believed to be the regent Kepahiang:

Names Start office End office
Hidayatullah Sjahid January 14, 2004 April 1, 2005
Husni Hasanuddin April 30, 2005 August 6, 2005
Because Asan Cik 15th October 2015 February 16, 2016

The crest

The coat of arms of the administrative district shows the territorial unity of Kepahiang as well as the national unity or Pancasila doctrine by means of a pentagonal frame. In addition, natural and traditional features of the region are symbolically represented.

The mountains depicted in the upper part of the coat of arms reflect the natural composition of Kepahiang. Underneath there is a representation of waves or waters. This is to indicate that Kepahiang is a water-rich region. A point between the waves symbolizes January, when Kepahiang became an independent county.

In the middle you can see a bowl. This means a betel nut shell, which is an important element of the local tradition. The curved blade of a traditional dagger, a so-called kris, is shown above the bowl . This symbolizes courage and tradition, but also the will for constant development.

The bowl and the kris are framed by two further elements of the coat of arms on the left and on the right. The branches converge at the bottom and are tied together seven times, which is to express the unity of the region. The branches are of different kinds and represent the rice and coffee plants, which ensure a good livelihood for the people in Kepahiang.

In the lower part of the coat of arms there is a lettering that represents the word SEHASEN. The word is a local acronym for the following words:

  • Selaras (consistency)
  • Elok (beauty)
  • Harmonis (harmony)
  • Aman (security)
  • Sentosa (peacefulness)

economy

The local economy is based, in addition to the existing mineral resources, on agriculture and plantation management, horticulture, and animal and fish farming. The region has a number of natural resources that have so far not been used or are insufficiently used. Although no oil or gas deposits have been identified in Kepahiang, as in many other provinces in Indonesia, the existing resources promise to function as a solid basis for the region's economic development. The current challenge for farmers' cooperatives and the local government is to jointly create a balance between corporate cultivation by larger national companies and smaller local producers, so that aspects such as market integration, internationalization, but also local income development and diversification can be reconciled. Above all, the farmers' dependence on coffee cultivation alone should be reduced through a diversified cultivation strategy and local income generated. For this purpose, locally appropriate programs such as the IKUTT and the Seluna program are being pursued. The IKUTT program promotes and structures fish and livestock breeding, horticulture and the cultivation of food plants. The Seluna program, on the other hand, promotes the production of Sengon, Luwak coffee and dragon fruit.

Infrastructure

The deputy district president (center) attending school

In Kepahiang there is a full school system with 164 school facilities that train students up to university entrance qualifications. The closest university is in Bengkulu. Kepahiang needs specific experts in order to be able to utilize the local potential. There are therefore, for example, scholarships available for schoolchildren who want to study subjects directly related to geothermal energy in Germany.

There are three hotels in Kepahiang with a total of 55 rooms and 77 beds.

The main roads in Kepahiang have a total length of 31.90 km and are of good quality by provincial standards. There are also 54.15 km of paved country roads.

The nearest airport is in Bengkulu and can be reached within about two hours.

Up until now, inpatient health care was not available in Kepahiang itself, but in Bengkulu. This changed in 2012, however, as a local hospital was completed for the public but not yet fully operational. So far, 74 beds are available in Kepahiang's public hospital. The facility initially meets national standards, but is more modern than the facilities previously used in Bengkulu. The implementation of international standards is sought.

Agriculture

Several agricultural products such as coffee, tea, corn, dragon fruits, cassava, pepper, palm oil, coconut, pecan, taro , cloves are grown in Kepahiang. The region’s forest products are mainly sengon wood.

Coffee from Kepahiang

In 2009, coffee was grown on 24,017 hectares of which around 16,060 tons were harvested. The acreage increased in 2011 to 24,928 hectares. Both Arabica and Robusta coffee are cultivated. In addition to the large-scale cultivation of coffee, Luwak coffee is also increasingly being produced locally , as this can represent an additional economic income for the farmers, which reduces the dependency on the annual coffee harvest, which can vary both due to natural circumstances and due to the price fluctuation on the world market . The Luwak coffee from the region is particularly good and is one of the world's most expensive types of coffee. The local government promotes the production of Luwak coffee as part of the Seluna program, especially in the form of educational programs for interested farmers.

The tea plantations are located about nine kilometers from the city of Kepahiang in Kebawetan. Oolong tea , which is exported exclusively to Taiwan and for which there is high demand due to its quality, is grown on an area of ​​275 hectares . The tea is exported in a semi-fermented state. Black tea, known in Indonesia as Kabawetan tea, is grown on a further area of ​​650 hectares. The tea is fully fermented and mainly bought on the Indonesian market.

The acreage of corn is 1019 hectares; Yield 3,017 tons; As of 2007

Cassava is grown on 285 hectares. Yield 3,328 tons; As of 2007

In Japan, taro (Talas Satoimo) is one of the staple foods that is largely imported from China. Since the demand is covered by the taro imports, however, one has started in Kepahiang to cultivate taro for export purposes. Taro is cultivated as a by-product, as the plant is suitable for being grown on plantations alongside primary plants such as sengon. A total requirement from Japan that is not covered by Chinese imports is 45,000 tons per year and thus represents significant economic potential for Kepahiang. Taro is grown according to the so-called BACK model, which comes from Kepahiang. This cultivation system dictates that sengon and taro be grown together. The taro, which can be harvested after 5 months, represents a source of income for the farmers between the Sengon harvests.

The district president on dragon fruit plantation

Dragon fruits are cultivated on an area of ​​currently 18 hectares. On the one hand, these are to be sold directly and, on the other hand, they will be used for the local production of derivative products from the cosmetics and homeopathic fields. The project is financially supported by the local government and the central government in Jakarta as part of the Seluna program and is intended to develop into a further economic option for the local population. A Japanese expert accompanies the project and provides the necessary expertise.

Sengon wood cultivation is a means of income diversification in Kepahiang. While palm oil and rubber plantations require a relatively long time before income is generated, the fast-growing sengon wood is a viable alternative for farmers and investors who want to generate profits in the short to medium term or who are dependent on them. The cultivation of sengon is also associated with less high investment volume than palm oil and rubber plantations, so that local investors are also able to participate. The cultivation of sengon is funded under the Seluna program. The strategy of the local government in Kepahiang to create improved income conditions through the cultivation of sengon wood has been adopted by the central government in Jakarta and is being implemented in the form of a nationwide program.

Sengon is grown in two different ways. 1. As a by-product, for example on coffee plantations, where the sengon trees also have a protective function for the coffee plants. This cultivation method allows a density of approx. 400 trees per hectare. 2. As a monoculture. Monocultural cultivation of Sengon in Kepahiang is divided into three sub-categories. Variant A: 1000 to 2000 trees per hectare. This cultivation method allows the cultivation of secondary plants such as talas and is the cultivation strategy recommended for Kepahiang. Variant B: 4000 trees per hectare. This variant is called High Density Population (HDP). Variant C: 10,000 per hectare. This variant is called Very High Density Population (VHDP).

Cocoa field in Kepahiang

The conditions for growing high-quality cocoa in Kepahiang are good to ideal and are therefore of great interest to private, corporate and state actors alike. As part of the IKUTT program, farmers are encouraged to grow cocoa. The program included the cultivation of cocoa on a current total area of ​​8,393 hectares, involved 6,968 farmers and a total of 4,500,000 cocoa plants. Cocoa is suitable for income diversification and to reduce the dependency on the world market that comes with coffee, as cultivation can be carried out economically even on a relatively small area and generates locally located income. Kepahiang would therefore like to intensify the cocoa program and develop into a center for cocoa cultivation in Indonesia. For this purpose there are financial programs available to interested farmers.

On a small business level, the local population grew coconuts on a total area of ​​384 hectares. In 2009 the yield was 311 tons. Possibly. Existing corporate plantations are not included.

On a small business level, the local population grew oil palms on a total area of ​​40 hectares. In 2009 the yield was 24 tons, possibly existing corporate plantations are not included.

On a small-scale farm, the local population grew rubber on a total of 35 hectares. In 2009 the yield was 24 tons, possibly existing corporate plantations are not included.

On a small scale, the local population grew pepper on a total area of ​​2,949 hectares. In 2009 the yield was 1,962 tons, possibly existing corporate plantations are not included in this.

The district president visits a fish farm

The climate in Kepahiang is suitable for livestock and fish farming. Be bred u. a. Goldfish, tilapia, white-throated cichlids and barbel. Fish farming has so far mostly been carried out by local small businesses on rivers and in breeding basins and there is still great potential for optimization. In addition, chickens, ducks, goats, dairy cows and slaughter cattle are raised locally, also on a small-scale farm. Livestock and fish farming is promoted as part of the IKUTT program and is intended to generate local income.

Natural resources

Kepahiang has a number of natural resources such as obsidian, coal, pumice, tufa, clay, china clay, gold and geothermal energy.

Obsidian deposits have been identified at two locations (Batu Bandung, Kebon Agung). The reserve in Batu Bandung is estimated at 20,000,000 tons. The specifications are as follows: SiO 2  = 64-75%, Al 2 O 3  = 20.68%, Fe 2 O 3  = 6.7%, CaO = 0.75%, MgO = 0.12%, TiO 2  = 0.4%.

Coal deposits were identified at three locations. The quality varies between 4500 and 7825 kcal / kg depending on the location. The total amount has not yet been finalized.

Pumice deposits have so far been found in two places (1. Keban Agung / Batu Bandung, 2. Keban Agung). In Keban Agung / Batu Bandung the reserve is put at 2,000,000 tons and is of the following quality: SiO 2  = 2.98% Al 2 O 3  = 13.9%, Fe 2 O 3  = 0.94%, CaO = 0.43%, MgO = 0.25%, K 2 O = 3.16%, Na 2 O 3  = 3.66%, LOI  = 4.43%. In Keban Agung, however, the reserve is estimated at 30,000,000 m³ and is of the following quality: SiO 2  = 63.5% Al 2 O 3  = 13%, Fe 2 O 3  = 8.7%, CaO = 5.92% .

Tufa in Kepahiang was put at 40,000,000 tons at one location and has the following qualitative properties: SiO 2  = 63.15% Al 2 O 3  = 13.70%, CaO = 5.92%, MgO = 0.65%, K 2 O = 1.94%, MgO = 0.65%, LOI  = 4.25%.

Clay deposits in Kepahiang were put at 1,200,000 m³ at one location and are of the following composition: SiO 2  = 62-75%, Al 2 O 3  = 20.68%, Fe 2 O 3  = 6.7%, CaO = 0 , 75%, MgO = 0.12%, TiO 2  = 0.4%.

China clay deposits ( kaolin ) in Kepahiang were identified at one location but have not yet been finally quantified and specified.

Sulfur deposits in Kepahiang have been identified at one location. The reserve is put at 34,410,000 tons.

Gold deposits in Kepahiang have so far been identified at one location. The reserve has not yet been finalized and specified. A study by the company PT. Aneka Tambang, who analyzed an area of ​​6,000 ha, confirms the indicators for gold deposits on site. At Simpang Jernih in the Bukit Dendan area, crystalline chert has been found that indicates gold deposits. The following specifications are confirmed: Au = 0.1-0.13 ppm, Ag = 7-69 ppm, Cu = 240-666 ppm, Pb = 547 ppm (0.12%), Zn = 667 ppm (0.19% ). With regard to the extraction of gold, the government must ensure the preservation of the environment, which is of central importance for agriculture, tourism and the local population.

The Bandung geological institute has identified a reservoir in Kepahiang that is 2000 m deep and covers an area of ​​20 km². The degradation rate is 50%, the conversion factor 10% and the useful life is 30 years. The utilization capacity is put at 325 MW. The temperature near the surface is 250 ° C. The switch-off temperature is 180 ° C. The economic planning of the potential is currently being prepared, with international interest in its use.

Culture

Cultural event

Kepahiang is a culturally, religiously and ethnically heterogeneous society. The different ethnic groups, tribes and religious communities live together peacefully. The Rejang make up the largest local population. Since the different groups have lived together for many years, the cultural influences of the inhabitants, who come from Palembang, Serawai, Jawa, Sunda, Padang, Batak, Aceh or China, can also be seen locally. The social diversity in Kepahiang requires the development of fine social manners within society. The traditions and customs of the Rejang are dominant on site.

Kepahiang maintains the existing traditions and organizes regular cultural events, to which foreign guests often come. The local culture is closely related to that of Malay. For this reason, the ethnic Malay aristocracy from Indonesia, but also from Malaysia, the Philippines (Mindanao) and Thailand, are more frequent guests in Kepahiang, on the one hand to cultivate the common culture and to set a positive example of the friendly coexistence with other ethnic groups to give.

music

Concerts are held regularly in Kepahiang, with nationally known groups performing. Among other things, the annually celebrated birthday of the Kepahiang administrative district is an occasion for a series of concerts with well-known artists from all over Indonesia. Locally there are a number of folkloric songs such as the Gritan, Mambak, Nyerambeak and the Merjung song. The songs are part of the locally dominant Rejang Kepahiang ethnic group.

dance

The traditions and customs of the Rejang Kepahiang are dominant on site, which is reflected in a number of local dance forms such as Sekapur, Sirih, Kejei, Gigih, Mendulah, Semambe Cupik, Petik Kopi (coffee harvest), Panen Padi - (rice harvest) and the Bujang Semulen dance.

Sports

Due to the natural nature of the region, Kepahiang offers a variety of outdoor leisure activities. The nature park has a size of 8,515 hectares and is ideal for activities such as trekking and cycling tours. The city administration regularly invites you to go on bike tours together to motivate you to adopt a more active lifestyle.

media

The local government commissioned the Warta Kepahiang magazine in 2011 and published it for the first time. It has several objectives. On the one hand, it serves to disseminate information within Kepahiang and, on the other hand, it should enable outsiders to inquire about Kepahiang as a government district, programs of the local government and potentials of the region. So far, the Warta Kepahiang is only available in Indonesian.

literature

  • Department of Statistics of the Regency Kepahiang (BPSK): Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 . Kepahiang, 2010
  • Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010
  • Apriana Yecin: An analyzes of Program IKUTT: Its design, implementation and proposing evaluation method . The Hague 2011 ( PDF )
  • Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang 2011, Edition 1 ( Warta Kepahiang I / 20011 ( Memento from March 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive )).
  • District Government of Kepahiang: IKUTT - SILUNA . Kepahiang, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Kepahiang Governorate  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Profile of Kabupaten Kepahiang. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on May 5, 2014 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  2. ↑ a b c Seluna Mampu Tingkatkan Ekonomi Rakyat. In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang 2011, Edition 1, p. 9 ( Warta Kepahiang I / 20011 ( Memento of March 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive )).
  3. ↑ Pariwisata dan Keunikan Lainnya - Official website of the Regency of kepahiang regency. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .
  4. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 5.
  5. ↑ Kondisi Geografis dan Wilayah Administrasi - Official website of the Regency of kepahiang regency. Retrieved April 15, 2012 .
  6. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 36.
  7. ^ A b Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 6f.
  8. ↑ a b In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 17.
  9. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 41.
  10. ↑ 2010 Census ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Pages 565–568; PDF; 5.9 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bps.go.id
  11. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 12.
  12. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 6.
  13. ^ Official Website of the Regency of Kepahian. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kepahiangkab.go.id  
  14. ↑ Department of Statistics of the Republic of Infondeia (BPSRI): "Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010", Jakarta, 2010. URL: Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010 ( Memento from March 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on April 15, 2012)
  15. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 226.
  16. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 6 f.
  17. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 7.
  18. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 6.
  19. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 8 f.
  20. ↑ Bengkulu Ekspress
  21. ↑ Makna Logo Kepahiang - Official Website of the City of Kepahiang. Archived from the original on January 16, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .
  22. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 31.
  23. ↑ a b c d Yecin Apriana: An analysis of Program IKUTT: Its design, implementation and proposing evaluation method. The Hague, 2011, p. 16 ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oaithesis.eur.nl  
  24. ↑ Yecin Apriana: An analysis of Program IKUTT: Its design, implementation and proposing evaluation method. The Hague, 2011, p. 1 f ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oaithesis.eur.nl  
  25. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, pp. 131, 136, 142, 148, 154, 160, 166, 172.
  26. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 25.
  27. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 392.
  28. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 365.
  29. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BPSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 37.
  30. ^ Department of Statistics of the Province of Bengkulu (BSPB): Provinsi Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2010 . Bengkulu, 2010, p. 196.
  31. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, pp. 26f.
  32. ↑ Kopi. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on August 21, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  33. ↑ Prospek Investasi Di Kepahiang PROSPEK INVESTASI DI KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG. Archived from the original on April 15, 2011 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .
  34. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 13.
  35. ↑ a b In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 16.
  36. ↑ Hunt. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), formerly the original ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  37. ↑ Singkon. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), formerly the original ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  38. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 15.
  39. ^ District Government of Kepahiang: IKUTT - SILUNA . Kepahiang, 2012, p. 4.
  40. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 14.
  41. ↑ Ministry of Communication and Information: "Dishutbun Kepahiang Optimis Budidaya Sengon Produktif", Kota Bengkulu, May 24, 2011. URL: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed April 13, 2012) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / infopublik.kominfo.go.id
  42. ^ Forestry and Plantation Department of Kepahiang (Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Kab. Kepahiang): "Pengembangan Sengon Di Kabupaten Kepahiang", Kepahiang. URL: http://hutbun.kepahiangkab.go.id/index.php/potensi/1-pengembangan-sengon-di-kabupaten-kepahiang.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically saved as marked defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed April 14, 2012)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / hutbun.kepahiangkab.go.id  
  43. ↑ Yecin Apriana: An analysis of Program IKUTT: Its design, implementation and proposing evaluation method. The Hague, 2011, p. 33 ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oaithesis.eur.nl  
  44. ↑ a b In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 37.
  45. ^ Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia - General Directorate for Plantations: "Sentra Produksi Kakao di Kepahiang (Bengkulu)", Jakarta, December 1, 2010. URL: http://ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/budtanreyar/index .php? option = com_content & view = article & id = 98: sentra-produksi-kakao-di-kepahiang-bengkulu  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed April 13, 2012)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / ditjenbun.deptan.go.id  
  46. ↑ Kelapa. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on September 6, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  47. ↑ Sawit. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on September 3, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  48. ↑ Karet. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on September 6, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  49. ↑ Lada. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on August 21, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  50. ↑ a b Yecin Apriana: An analysis of Program IKUTT: Its design, implementation and proposing evaluation method. The Hague, 2011, p. 17 ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oaithesis.eur.nl  
  51. ↑ Obsidian. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on August 21, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  52. ↑ Batu Bara. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on May 13, 2014 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  53. ↑ Pumice. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on September 6, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  54. ↑ Tuff. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), formerly the original ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  55. ↑ Clay. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  56. ^ Kaolin. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), formerly the original ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  57. ^ Sulfur. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), archived from the original on August 21, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  58. ↑ Emas. (No longer available online.) Indonesia Investment Coordination Board (BKPM), formerly the original ; Retrieved April 15, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / regionalinvestment.bkpm.go.id
  59. ^ District Government of Kepahiang: IKUTT - SILUNA . Kepahiang, 2012, p. 11.
  60. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 20
  61. ^ A b District Government of Kepahiang: IKUTT - SILUNA. Kepahiang, 2012, p. 6 f.
  62. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 34.
  63. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 28 f.
  64. ^ District Government of Kepahiang: IKUTT - SILUNA . Kepahiang, 2012, p. 7.
  65. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 40.
  66. ↑ In: Tabloid Warta Kepahiang. Kepahiang, 2011, Edition 1, p. 2.