Small wax flower

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Small wax flower
Small wax flower (Cerinthe minor)

Small wax flower ( Cerinthe minor )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Genre : Wax flowers ( cerinthe )
Type : Small wax flower
Scientific name
Cerinthe minor
L.

The small wax flower ( Cerinthe minor ) is a plant from the genus of wax flowers ( Cerinthe ) in the subfamily of Boraginoideae within the family Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae).

description

Illustration from storm

Vegetative characteristics

The small wax flower grows as a biennial or perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 60 centimeters. The bare, bluish frosted and often reddish overflowing stalk is branched from the ground up or only in the upper part, it is rounded to angular and has narrow wings in the upper part and on the branches.

The basal leaves are stalked and their leaf blades are elongated-egg-shaped and often whitish spotted with a length of up to 15 centimeters. The lower stalk leaves are spatulate, they are wedge-shaped at the base, pee-shaped and seated. The upper stem leaves are egg-shaped with a heart-shaped spreading base encompassing the stem, with a blunt or shallow upper end and they are blue-green and covered with whitish bumps, but they no longer have hair.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. The flowers stand in tight coils on thin stems that protrude horizontally at the end. The bracts are heart-shaped.

The shaky flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx lobes are narrow, elliptical, blunt, and ciliate on the edge with fine bristles. With a length of 10 to 14 millimeters, the corolla is slightly more than twice as long as the calyx. The five petals are fused on half to two thirds of their length. The corolla lobes are lanceolate and lean upright towards each other. The yellow corolla often has five brown-purple spots at the base of the corolla lobes on the inside. The stamens are about as long as the corolla lobes.

The partial fruits are egg-shaped and pointed, about 3 millimeters long, dull and shiny and finally black.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36.

Habit and leaves

ecology

The small wax flower is a hemicryptophyte . The diaspores are spread by the wind and by means of a Velcro effect. The pollination is by insects instead.

Site conditions

The small wax flower thrives on dry bush fringes and moderately dry fallow land and ruderal sites . It thrives best on warm, moderately dry, nutrient-rich, mostly calcareous clay soils . It grows in companies sanguinei in association Geranion associations Onopordion or Mesobromion, in Eastern Europe.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Endangerment and population development in Germany

In Germany only the subspecies Cerinthe minor subsp. minor before. The small wax flower s. st. is not particularly protected according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) in Germany. In 1996 it was considered not endangered according to the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in Germany and Germany has no particular responsibility for the conservation of this species. It is a neophyte in Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia . In the other federal states of Germany where it occurs it is considered an archaeophyte . In the Red List of Threatened Species in Bavaria from 2003, the small wax flower is classified as "critically endangered". Bavaria bears a special responsibility for Cerinthe minor , since otherwise there are only a few documents from Thuringia and Hesse in Germany. In Saxony the small wax flower is considered “critically endangered”, in Saxony-Anhalt it is already “extinct”.

The main causes of risk are the intensification of agriculture, the use of herbicides and deep tillage , which prevent the seeds from germinating .

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of Cerinthe minor was done by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Cerinthe minor L. are: Cerinthe longiflora Viv. , Cerinthe indigotisans Borbás .

The species Cerinthe minor is widespread from Europe to the Middle East. In Central Europe it is considered an archaeophyte .

From Cerinthe minor , there are about three subspecies:

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the small wax flower : Berghundszunge, disunited brothers ( Tyrol in Pongau ), Fleckenkraut , Grünschnecke ( Waldbrühl ) and Wosblatcher ( Transylvania ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Cerinthe minor L., Small wax flower. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (3) (Pirolaceae - Verbenaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-76020-4 , pp. 89 (unchanged reprint of the 1st edition from 1927 with addendum).
  3. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  783 .
  4. ↑ Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: data sheet at Flora von Deutschland - a picture database , version 3.45.
  5. ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  6. ↑ C. Trepesch, A. Zehm: Kleine Wachsblume, Cerinthe minor L. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, November 2009, accessed on March 14, 2018 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e Benito Valdés, 2011: Boraginaceae. : Datasheet Cerinthe minor In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  8. ↑ Cerinthe in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 24, 2020. [1]Template: GRIN / Maintenance / No ID specified
  9. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 88. ( online ).

literature

  • Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Rothmaler . 14th edition. Volume 2: Vascular Plants , People and Knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 . Page 381.

Web links

Commons : Small Wax Flower ( Cerinthe minor )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files