Small fort Windlücke

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Small fort Windlücke
limes ORL - ( RLK )
Route (RLK) ORL route 10
Neckar-Odenwald-Limes
Odenwald line
Dating (occupancy) trajanic
up to max. 159 ad
Type Small fort
unit unknown vexillatio
size 13.5 × 13.5 m = approx. 0.18 ha
Construction Stone fort
State of preservation invisible ground monument
place Breitenbrunn (Lützelbach) , Haingrund
Geographical location 49 ° 45 ′ 42 "  N , 9 ° 5 ′ 2"  E
height 337  m above sea level NHN
Previous ORL 46b Fort Lützelbach (northeast)
Subsequently ORL 47 Hainhaus Fort (south)

The small fort Windlücke was a Roman border fort on the older Odenwald line of the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes .

location

Location of the fort
at the time of the RLK around 1895
Ground plan of the fort determined by the excavations of the RLK in 1895
Today's passport of the L 3106

Today's ground monument is located on a mountain saddle within an extensive forest between the Lützelbach districts of Breitenbrunn and Haingrund . It is located there immediately north of the state road  3106, west of today's sports field. The saddle, which is now used as a pass by the L 3106, should have been a not insignificant mountain crossing even in ancient times, and the fort was used to monitor it.

Research history

Already at the end of the 18th / beginning of the 19th century, Johann Friedrich Knapp carried out excavations at the fort on behalf of Count Franz I zu Erbach-Erbach . Further investigations followed in the second half of the 19th century by Gustav Dieffenbach and Robert Schäfer on behalf of the General Association of German History and Antiquity Associations, and in 1888 by Friedrich Kofler on behalf of the Historical Association for the Grand Duchy of Hesse . In 1895 the excavation was carried out by the Reich Limes Commission (RLK).

Findings

The excavations of the RLK showed that the small fort Windlücke was an almost square stone fort, which with a side length of about 13.5 meters covered an area of ​​around 180 square meters. With a wall thickness of one meter, the foundation, which reached 70 centimeters into the ground, protruded by 25 to 44 centimeters on both sides. The only gate - with a passage width of 2.32 meters - faced east, facing the border palisade just 27 meters away . There was no fortification trench. The small fort Windlücke should have provided space for a crew of up to 20 men. Today nothing can be seen in the area, but the former fort site has been marked with information boards.

  • Detail of the fort gate by the RLK (1895)

  • Top view and profile of the enclosing wall (1895)

  • Palisade ditch of the Limes near the small fort Windlücke (excavation 1895)

  • Information boards on the former fort square (situation October 2009)

Limes course between the small fort Windlücke and the fort Hainhaus

From the small fort Windlücke to the southern fort Hainhaus , the Limes runs exclusively through wooded terrain and rises continuously by a total of 120 meters in altitude.

ORL Name / place Description / condition
KK Small fort Windlücke see above
Wp 10/10 "In the Blade"
Location of Wp 10/10 at the time of the RLK
Well visible and partially reconstructed tower point from one stone and two wooden tower mounds.
The square stone tower had a side length of 5.25 meters, the wall thickness was 80 cm.
The northern wooden tower was on a drywall foundation, which was 75 centimeters thick and also had a side length of 5.25 meters. It was surrounded by a ring ditch that had already been heavily leveled by the time of the Reich Limes Commission.
The structural features of the southern wooden tower corresponded to those of the northern one. It was surrounded by a ring trench, some of which was over two meters deep and whose diameter (outer edge) was 26 meters (bottom-bottom: 16.90 meters).

  • Floor plan and details of the tower locations from Wp 10/10

  • Northern wooden tower
    (status October 2009)

  • Wp 10/10
    Southern wooden tower
    (status October 2009)

  • Wp 10/10
    stone tower
    (status October 2009)

Wp 10/11 "On the Sellenplatte"
Location of the tower points of Wp 10/11
Preserved stone tower foundation and well-preserved wooden tower.
The square stone tower preserved today had a side length of 5.10 meters and the foundations protruded 30 cm.
The unexcavated wooden tower hill located immediately south of the stone tower has a diameter of 18 meters. The stone tower was dug up again in 1986, its foundation walls were preserved and reconstructed.

  • Wooden tower
    (state October 2009)

  • Stone tower
    (state October 2009)

  • Details of the stone tower
    (photo taken by the RLK)

  • Details of the stone tower
    (status October 2009)

Wp 10/12 "In the thick hedges"
Surface profile of the wooden tower point from Wp 10/12
A wooden tower with a ring ditch (outer diameter 22 meters, floor-to-floor 16 meters) and a badly damaged stone tower.

Both were not archaeologically examined, but only determined based on the nature of the earth's surface.

  • Wp 10/12
    Steinturmstelle in the front, wooden tower in the background

  • Wp 10/12
    on the right the wooden tower, on the left the stone tower

  • Wp 10/12
    wooden tower position

  • Wp 10/12
    stone tower point

Wp 10/13 "In the alders" Flat wooden tower mound with a ditch 18 meters in diameter. The hill, which is still visible today, was not excavated, and a stone tower could not be identified.

  • Limes hiking trail between Wp 10/12 and 10/13

  • Limes hiking trail between Wp 10/12 and 10/13

  • Limes hiking trail between Wp 10/12 and 10/13

  • Wp 10/13

ORL 47 Hainhaus Castle see main article Kastell Hainhaus

Monument protection

The small fort Windlücke and the adjacent Limes structures are ground monuments according to the Hessian Monument Protection Act . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

See also

literature

  • Dietwulf Baatz : Odenwald route (Odenwaldkreis) . In: The Romans in Hesse . Licensed edition, Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-58-9 , p. 417f.
  • Dietwulf Baatz: The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube . Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0 , pp. 183f.
  • Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (eds.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreiches , Department A, Volume 5: Route 10 (The Odenwald Limes from Wörth am Main to Wimpfen am Neckar), 1926, 1935.
  • Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, ISBN 3-931267-05-9 , pp. 75–92, (Saalburg-Schriften 6)
  • Margot Klee: The Roman Limes in Hessen. History and sites of the UNESCO World Heritage. Pustet, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7917-2232-0 , pp. 186f.
  • Egon Schallmayer : The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , pp. 82-85.
  • Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Latest research results. Contributions to the scientific colloquium on March 19, 2010 in Michelstadt . Saalburg Museum, Bad Homburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-931267-07-0 (Saalburg-Schriften, 8)

Web links

Commons : Kleinkastell Windlücke  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Limeswachturm Wp 10/10  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Limeswachturm Wp 10/11  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Limeswachturm Wp 10/12  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Limeswachturm Wp 10/13  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The conventional starting date of the year 100 (± 5) is based on the results of the excavations that Dietwulf Baatz carried out in the Hesselbach fort between 1964 and 1966 . It is essentially based on the evaluation of the sigillates found (cf. the corresponding section in the Hesselbach article and Dietwulf Baatz: Fort Hesselbach and other research on the Odenwald Limes. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1973, ISBN 3-7861-1059-X , ( Limesforschungen, Volume 12), pp. 85-96). In more recent literature, an initial dating of the Hesselbach fort and the entire Odenwald Limes to the period 107/110 is given preference. This dating approach is not based on new excavation findings, but on a statistical reassessment of the coin finds from all forts of the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes, which the archaeologist Klaus Kortüm presented for the first time in 1998 and on which some authors of the more recent literature now rely. (cf. Klaus Kortüm: On the dating of the Roman military installations in the Upper German-Raetian Limes area . In: Saalburg-Jahrbuch 49, 1998. Zabern, Mainz 1998, pp. 5–65 and Egon Schallmayer : Der Limes. History of a border . Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-48018-7 , pp. 49–52 and pp. 54f.)
  2. ↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , p. 82.
  3. ↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell
  4. ↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , pp. 83f.
  5. ↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , pp. 84f.
  6. ↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , p. 85.
  7. ↑ The RLK assumed that due to the good line of sight between Wp 1/12 and the Hainhaus fort, a stone tower had been dispensed with when the Limes was expanded. So in the ORL and at Schallmayer.
    Dietwulf Baatz: The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube . Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0 , p. 184 leaves open whether it is a wooden or a stone tower hill.

Remarks

  1. ↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes
  2. ↑ Wp = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.
  3. ↑ Around 49 ° 45 '  N , 9 ° 5'  E
  4. ^ Wp 10/10 on the private Limes project page by Claus te Vehne.
  5. ↑ Around 49 ° 45 '  N , 9 ° 5'  E
  6. ^ Wp 10/11 on the private Limes project page by Claus te Vehne.
  7. ↑ Around 49 ° 44 '  N , 9 ° 5'  E
  8. ↑ Around 49 ° 44 '  N , 9 ° 5'  E
  9. ^ Wp 10/13 on the private Limes project page by Claus te Vehne.
  10. ↑ ORL XY = consecutive numbering of the forts of the ORL