Small fort Seitzenbuche
Map with all coordinates: | Small fort Seitzenbuche | |
|---|---|
| limes | ORL - ( RLK ) |
| Route (RLK) | ORL route 10 Neckar-Odenwald-Limes Odenwald line |
| Type | Small fort |
| unit | unknown vexillatio |
| size | 20 × 20 m |
| Construction | Stone fort |
| State of preservation | marked ground monument |
| place | Mudau- Schlossau |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 33 '2.2 " N , 9 ° 7' 20.7" E |
| height | 460.7 m above sea level NHN |
| Previous | Small fort Zwing (northwest) |
| Subsequently | ORL 51 Fort Schloßau (southeast) |
The Seitzenbuche small fort was a Roman border fort on the older Odenwald line of the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes . It was built to monitor a pass path and is now a ground monument in Baden-Württemberg .
location
The small fort was at an acute angle between the roads to Schloßau and Kailbach. Like the small fort in Zwing, it was built to monitor the pass path, which was on the shortest connection between the Main and Neckar.
Today's ground monument is located on the Heidenberg ( 460.7 m above sea level ) at the intersection of the 3919 district road from Hesselbach (since 2018 a district of the town of Oberzent in the Odenwald district ) to Schloßau (a district of the municipality of Mudau in the Neckar-Odenwald district ) and the so-called Siegfriedstrasse (Landesstrasse 2311), which connects Ernsttal (belonging to Mudau) with Kailbach (to Oberzent).
Above ground, hardly any traces of the terrain are visible from the small fort
Topographical situation of the small fort according to ORL
Situation at Wp 10/37 (around 1895), one of the most unusual and richly fund-intensive guard posts on the Odenwald Limes
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Small fort
Early research on the fort took place in the 19th century under Johann Friedrich Knapp . Excavations by the Reichs-Limeskommission produced a 20 × 20 m fort, which was similar to the findings from the neighboring small fort in Zwing . There was also evidence of a 2.30 m wide gate with rectangular inward-bending gate cheeks and a threshold. A trench mentioned by Knapp could no longer be detected. Nothing is known about the stationed unit.
The fort was badly damaged early on, today only a few shallows in the forest and cornice stones of the fort wall can be seen. There is an explanatory board at the opposite parking lot.
Limes course from the Seitzenbuche small fort to the Schloßau fort
The Limes runs in the area of the pass and the fort from WNW to OSE and only changes direction again at Fort Schloßau. East of the fort it runs slightly up the slope and reaches its highest point above Schloßau in the area of Wp 10/38.
| ORL | Name / place | Description / condition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KK | Small fort Seitzenbuche | see above | ||||||
| Wp 10/37 | "In the Schneider Hedge" |
Wp 10/37 is one of the most unusual findings of all the Limes storms and is still a mystery to science today. The area, first mentioned by the regional court assessor and local historian Andreas Debon, was excavated in May 1884 by the Limes pioneer Wilhelm Conrady (1829–1903) and the head of the Grand Ducal Antiquities Collection, Ernst Wagner (1832–1920). The chief forester Langer from Schloßau continued her investigations. A wooden tower site with a total diameter of 20 m and two stone tower sites were found. Both stone tower foundations have been reconstructed. The one to the west has the usual dimensions of 6 × 6 m. Unusual on the east-facing, 6.60 × 6.60 m tower is a staircase that was later added to the north side. A dedicatory inscription to Jupiter was built into the outside staircase. It was set for the redemption of a vow for the completion of the burgus and probably relates to the western tower.
There is now a replica of the inscription in front of the western tower. Wall plaster and remnants of strong paintwork with red, yellow and green paint were found in the rubble of the eastern tower and are likely to have come from inside. Particularly significant, however, is the discovery made by Langer of three not quite life-size (over a meter) headless statues of gods made of red sandstone. You are now with the original inscription in the Römermuseum Osterburken , copies have also been on site since 2009. Represented Victoria , Mars and Salus in fairly good quality of a local workshop. The combination of the deities (goddess of victory, god of war and goddess of health and wellbeing) together with the misappropriation of the tower suggest a warlike event, but the gods are likely to have been very popular with soldiers overall. Wedge-shaped stone finds suggest that the group of statues was placed in an arched niche. The only evidence of a tile roofing of a tower on the Odenwald Limes was found on the tower. A fragment of the shield of the Victoria, which was found in the fort Oberscheidental , provides an indication of the dating . Together with the building inscription, this confirms the dating of the sanctuary before the departure of the cohors I Sequanorum et Rauracorum to Miltenberg around 159 AD. A new adaptation assumes that the sword of the Mars statue and the associated sword strap holder were dated to the end of the 2nd century AD Century AD because it corresponds to fort finds from this period. Therefore, armed events in connection with the Alemanni campaign of Emperor Caracalla (213 AD) are also possible reasons for the construction of the sanctuary. The current preserved and partially reconstructed state of the sanctuary was created in the course of the first survey in March 1893. A corner was also rebuilt beyond the actual state of preservation. The beveled base strap was originally preserved. Since there were more surplus girdle stones in the rubble that receded diagonally, a second tier of the tower was reconstructed from them after several stone layers.
The chronological position of the stone towers to one another is still unclear. There are also considerations as to whether the eastern tower was not in operation as a Limes tower or whether it was used by the cohort as a prototype for the numeri brittonum on the Odenwald Limes . |
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| Wp 10/38 | "At the Rotkreuz" | Apart from a few sandstones lying around, nothing can be seen of the tower near the eastern edge of the forest. Even the Imperial Limes Commission found only traces of eruption of the original foundation and masonry. | ||||||
| ORL 51 | Castle Schlossau | see main article Kastell Schloßau |
,_R%C3%B6mermuseum_Osterburken.jpg)
Monument protection
The Seitzenbuche small fort and the aforementioned ground monuments are protected as cultural monuments according to the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
See also
literature
- Dietwulf Baatz : To the sanctuary at the guard post 10/37 Schneidershecke . In der .: Fort Hesselbach and other research on the Odenwald Limes. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1973, ISBN 3-7861-1059-X , (Limes Research, Volume 12), pp. 135-142.
- Dietwulf Baatz: The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0
- Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey : The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roman Empire : Department A, Volume 5, (1926, 1935)
- Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, ISBN 3-931267-05-9 , pp. 75-92 (Saalburg-Schriften 6).
- Gerhard Hoffmann: Odenwald Limes in the Neckar-Odenwald district . In: Philipp Filtzinger (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg . 3rd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 363-3365
- Dieter Planck (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg: Roman sites and museums from Aalen to Zwiefalten. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , pp. 187f.
- Egon Schallmayer : The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , pp. 112-115.
- Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Latest research results. Contributions to the scientific colloquium on March 19, 2010 in Michelstadt . Saalburg Museum, Bad Homburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-931267-07-0 (Saalburg-Schriften, 8)
- Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Wp 10/37 “In der Schneidershecke”. Watchtower and temple . In the S. et al .: The Romans in the area of the Neckar-Odenwald district. Frontier zone of the Roman Empire . Published by the district archive of the Neckar-Odenwald district. Verlag regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 2009, ISBN 978-3-89735-524-8 , (Contributions to the history of the Neckar-Odenwald district, 3), p. 77ff.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schallmayer 1984 p. 103.
- ↑ CIL 13, 6509 ( [1] ).
- ↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, p. 114.
- ↑ Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes des Roemerreiches , Department A, Volume 5: Route 10 (The Odenwald Limes from Wörth am Main to Wimpfen am Neckar), 1926, p. 81.
- ↑ ORL A 5, p. 93.
Remarks
- ↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes
- ↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell
- ↑ Wp = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.