Small fort Trienz

Small ; fort Trienz (Wp 10/52)
limes	ORL NN ( RLK )
Route (RLK)	ORL route 10 ; Neckar-Odenwald-Limes; Odenwald line
Dating (occupancy)	trajanic; up to max. 159
Type	Small fort
unit	Vexillatio of the Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium
size	45 × 45 m = 0.2 ha
Construction	a) wooden fort ; b) stone fort
State of preservation	overbuilt
place	Fahrbach
Geographical location	49 ° 26 '26 " N , 9 ° 9' 51" E
height	345 m above sea level NHN
Previous	Small fort Robern (north)
Subsequently	ORL 53 forts of Neckarburken (south)

Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

The small fort Trienz was a Roman border fort on the older Odenwald line of the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes in the area of the municipality of Fahrenbach in the Neckar-Odenwald district of Baden .

Location and research history

Location of the fort (1897)

Today's ground monument is located in the western area of the homonymous district of Trienz. In today's settlement it is about 200 meters southeast of the former train station in the area of the community center of the Catholic Church of Trienz. Topographically, it is located on a mountain spur sloping to the southwest above a loop of the Trienzbach. With an area of around 2,000 square meters, this fortification / military fortification was significantly larger than the small fort in the north of the Odenwald Limes, " Windlücke " at Fort Lützelbach , " Zwing " near Fort Hesselbach , " Seitzenbuche " in the catchment area of Fort Schloßau and larger than that neighboring Robern military camps .

The fort was archaeologically excavated in 1897 by Karl Schumacher , the regional route commissioner of the Reich Limes Commission .

Today nothing can be seen of the former fortification in the area.

Findings

Floor plan and building inscription

The inscription in the Römermuseum Osterburken, which has been damaged since it was found

The fortification of Trienz was a square stone fort 44 m to 45 m in length, which corresponds to a built-up area of almost 0.2 ha. It had strongly rounded corners and two gates, one on the west and one on the east side. The thickness of the defensive wall was 80 cm to 85 cm. In the south-west corner of the fort a parallel wall of the same thickness was found, which presumably formed the support of the wall that supported the battlement. In theory, however, it could also have belonged to an older predecessor. The east gate was 3.40 m wide, the west gate 2.90 m wide. Both gates were provided with retracted gate cheeks that were 2.80 m long and 0.85 to 1.05 m wide. In front of the defensive wall there was a simple ditch as an obstacle to the approach, which was interrupted in front of the two gates.

The fort was designed for a vexillatio (detachment) the size of a centurion , i.e. for a maximum of about 80 men. Inside, there were simple crew quarters made of wood or half-timbered. According to an inscription found there, part of the Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium (" Numerus der Elzbrittonen") stationed in the Neckarburken numerus fort was housed in the camp at the time of Antoninus Pius . The inscription reads:

[Imp (eratori) Caes (ari) Tit (o)] Aelio

[Had (riano) Ant (onino) Aug (usto) Pio p] on (tifici) max (imo)

[trib (unicia) pot (estate) co (n) s (uli) IIII (?) p (atri) p (atriae) n (umerus) B] r (ittonum) El (antiensium)

Translated: “To the Emperor Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius, Pontifex Maximus , holder of the tribunician power to?. Time, Consul for the fourth time, Father of the Fatherland, from the Numerus der Brittones Elantiensium. ”The inscription stone is today in the Römermuseum Osterburken .

Today nothing can be seen of the small fort Trienz, it is located in partially built-up terrain.

Limes course between the small fort Trienz and the castles of Neckarburken

From the small fort in Trienz, the Limes runs linearly to the south. It first crosses the town of Trienz, crosses the Trienzbach and then alternately moves through agricultural and wooded areas towards Sattelbach . It also crosses this place and then continues, first through the agricultural areas of the place, then through the Bürgerwald between Sattelbach and Neckarburken , to finally descend to the Elztal with the two garrisons of Neckarburken. On this path it first drops 23 meters in altitude to the Trienzbachtal, but rises again 37 meters beyond the creek to Wp 10/53. When crossing the stream again between Wp 10/54 and Wp 10/55, it again loses 45 meters in altitude, but immediately rises again by 50 meters to Wp 10/55. From now on it falls, initially slowly but continuously, then more clearly towards the Elz Valley and loses a total of 155 meters in altitude up to the castles of Neckarburken.

ORL	Name / place	Description / condition
Wp 10/52 = KK	Small fort Trienz	see above
Wp 10/53	"Red hump"	Not excavated tower part of a square stone tower five to six meters on a side.
Wp 10/54	"Mühlwegschlag"	Wp 10/54, location Wp 10/54, floor plans The southernmost point of the tower of the Odenwald Limes, where the complete tower ensemble - two wooden towers and one stone tower - could be identified. The place is, very elevated from the external terrain and therefore with a reduced view, on a small plateau relatively low on a slope leading down to the Trienzbach. The findings were examined by the Reich Limes Commission in 1895. The northern wooden tower rested on a square foundation made of dry masonry with a side length of 5.45 m made of sandstone and dolomite . The wall thickness was 80 cm, at the corners of the wall there were recesses to accommodate the stud posts. The tower was surrounded by a circular drainage ditch 15 to 16 m in diameter. The dimensions of the southern tower could not be determined exactly. No fixtures could be found inside; the excavation seems to have had a slightly larger diameter than the northern tower. The stone tower had a floor plan of 5 × 6 meters and was re-examined in 1988 at its southeast corner. When the findings were made in 1895, the wall was 75 cm thick and had an 18 cm high, eight to ten centimeter projecting base directly above the rolling of the foundation. During the follow-up examination, the remains of everyday objects of the former guard soldiers came to light, which are important for dating at least this tower section. In addition to a millstone fragment made of Niedermendiger basalt lava ( Mayen-Koblenz district ), burned animal bone material and ceramics were found. Two different terra sigillata bowls in the form of drag were remarkable . 40 and the bottom of a third vessel of the shape Drag. 33 with illegible manufacturer's stamp. It is possible that these goods came from the Rheinzabern pottery center ( Tabernae ), whose large production surge did not begin until after AD 150. Research therefore suspects that this tower was occupied until the first decade of the second half of the second century. This coincides with the altar find from the Neckarburken fort bath , which dates back to 158 AD. The unit stationed in Neckarburken, the Numerus Brittones Elantiensium (unit of the Elzbrittonen), was also responsible for guarding the Limes section with Wp 10/54 and, among other things, switched off the guards there.
Wp 10/55	"Fahrenbacher Buchwald"	Tower site of a stone tower that had already been excavated at the time of the commission.
Wp 10/56	"Fir tree"	Wp 10/56, location Tower point in a dominant position, the presumably free line of sight to the north to the Roberner watchtowers Wp 10/51 and Wp 10/49 and to the south to the watchtowers south of Neckarburken , Wp 10/62, Wp 10 / 62a and Wp 10/63 , granted. During the investigations carried out in 1897, the 75 cm to 85 cm thick remnants of foundation walls were found, which indicated a perhaps square floor plan with a side length of around 5.5 m.
Wp 10/57	"Schoolhouse of Sattelbach"	Based on indications from the population, suspected but not archaeologically proven site of a possible stone tower.
Wp 10/58	"Red fountain"	Suspected but not archaeologically proven tower site due to the topographical conditions.
Wp 10/59	"Stroke 8 of the Neckarburkener Bürgerwald"	Location of Wp 10/59 Preserved, but heavily moss-covered tower part of a stone tower with an approximately square floor plan with a side length of about five meters. The masonry was 75 cm to 80 cm thick and consisted of red sandstone. With its 13 cm high, beveled base, the tower rested on a 1.12 cm to 1.15 cm deep foundation. Wp 10/59 floor plan Wp 10/59, outside condition at the time of the RLK Wp 10/59, inside condition at the time of the RLK Wp 10/59 as of October 2009
Wp 10/60	"Beat 9 of the Bürgerwald"	Location of Wp 10/60 Tower site with the preserved foundation of a stone tower with an approximately square floor plan with a side length of approximately 5.5 m. The foundation was 1.07 m deep and had a thickness of 1.15 m to 1.20 m. It was made of sandstone and dolomite . Wp 10/60 floor plan Wp 10/60 as of October 2009 Wp 10/60 as of October 2009 Wp 10/60 as of October 2009
Wp 10/61	"Sallenäcker"	Based on the average distance between Limes watchtowers, suspected but not archaeologically proven tower site.
ORL 53	Neckarburken forts	Main article : Neckarburken forts

Monument protection

The small fort Trienz and the above-mentioned ground monuments are protected as cultural monuments according to the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

literature

Dietwulf Baatz : The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube . 4th edition, Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0 , pp. 202f.

Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (eds.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes des Roemerreiches , Department A, Volume 5: Route 10 (The Odenwald Limes from Wörth am Main to Wimpfen am Neckar), 1926, 1935, pp. 103f . as well as plate 13, fig. 2–6

Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, ISBN 3-931267-05-9 , (= Saalburg-Schriften, 6), pp. 75-92.

Egon Schallmayer : The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 , pp. 129-135.

Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): The Odenwald Limes. Latest research results. Contributions to the scientific colloquium on March 19, 2010 in Michelstadt . Saalburgmuseum, Bad Homburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-931267-07-0 (Saalburg-Schriften, 8).

Andreas Thiel : Odenwald Limes in the Neckar-Odenwald district . In: Dieter Planck (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart, 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , pp. 191f.

Web links

Commons : Limeswachturm Wp 10/59 - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Limeswachturm Wp 10/60 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

↑ The conventional starting date of the year 100 (± 5) is based on the results of the excavations that Dietwulf Baatz carried out in the Hesselbach fort between 1964 and 1966 . It is essentially based on the evaluation of the sigillates found (cf. the corresponding section in the Hesselbach article and Dietwulf Baatz: Fort Hesselbach and other research on the Odenwald Limes. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1973, ISBN 3-7861-1059-X , ( Limesforschungen, Volume 12), pp. 85-96). In more recent literature, an initial dating of the Hesselbach fort and the entire Odenwald Limes to the period 107/110 is given preference. This dating approach is not based on new excavation findings, but on a statistical reassessment of the coin finds from all forts of the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes, which the archaeologist Klaus Kortüm presented for the first time in 1998 and on which some authors of the more recent literature now rely. (cf. Klaus Kortüm: On the dating of the Roman military installations in the Upper German-Raetian Limes area . In: Saalburg-Jahrbuch 49, 1998. Zabern, Mainz 1998, pp. 5–65 and Egon Schallmayer : Der Limes. History of a border . Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-48018-7 , pp. 49–52 and pp. 54f.)

↑ ORL A 5, section 10, p. 103f.

^ ^A ^b Egon Schallmayer : The Odenwald Limes. From the Main to the Neckar . Theiss, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8062-0328-8 , p. 116.

↑ CIL 13, 6498 .

↑ Inscription HD037004 . Epigraphic database Heidelberg : 145–161 AD

↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes

↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell.

↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 130.

↑ In the ORL of the Reich Limes Commission you can find the following: “The building was about 5: 5 m tall” and the accompanying drawing shows the tower at 5.00 m and 5.25 m.

↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 130f.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 132.

↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 133.

↑ Wp 10/59 th on the private Limes project page of Claus Vehne.

↑ North side 4.95 m, east and south side 5.00 m, west side 4.90 m.

↑ Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 133f.

^ Wp 10/60 on the private Limes project page by Claus te Vehne.

↑ North side 5.60 m, east and west side 5.50 m, south side 5.45 m.

^ ^A ^b Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 134.

↑ 49 ° 22 ′ 36 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 13 ″ E

[1] The conventional starting date of the year 100 (± 5) is based on the results of the excavations that Dietwulf Baatz carried out in the Hesselbach fort between 1964 and 1966 . It is essentially based on the evaluation of the sigillates found (cf. the corresponding section in the Hesselbach article and Dietwulf Baatz: Fort Hesselbach and other research on the Odenwald Limes. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1973, ISBN 3-7861-1059-X , ( Limesforschungen, Volume 12), pp. 85-96). In more recent literature, an initial dating of the Hesselbach fort and the entire Odenwald Limes to the period 107/110 is given preference. This dating approach is not based on new excavation findings, but on a statistical reassessment of the coin finds from all forts of the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes, which the archaeologist Klaus Kortüm presented for the first time in 1998 and on which some authors of the more recent literature now rely. (cf. Klaus Kortüm: On the dating of the Roman military installations in the Upper German-Raetian Limes area . In: Saalburg-Jahrbuch 49, 1998. Zabern, Mainz 1998, pp. 5–65 and Egon Schallmayer : Der Limes. History of a border . Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-48018-7 , pp. 49–52 and pp. 54f.)

[2] ORL A 5, section 10, p. 103f.

[Schallmayer_S116-3] A ^b Egon Schallmayer : The Odenwald Limes. From the Main to the Neckar . Theiss, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8062-0328-8 , p. 116.

[4] CIL 13, 6498 .

[5] Inscription HD037004 . Epigraphic database Heidelberg : 145–161 AD

[6] ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes

[7] KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell.

[8] Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 130.

[9] In the ORL of the Reich Limes Commission you can find the following: “The building was about 5: 5 m tall” and the accompanying drawing shows the tower at 5.00 m and 5.25 m.

[10] Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 130f.

[Schallmayer_S132-11] Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 132.

[12] Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 133.

[13] Wp 10/59 th on the private Limes project page of Claus Vehne.

[14] North side 4.95 m, east and south side 5.00 m, west side 4.90 m.

[15] Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 133f.

[16] Wp 10/60 on the private Limes project page by Claus te Vehne.

[17] North side 5.60 m, east and west side 5.50 m, south side 5.45 m.

[Schallmayer_134-18] A ^b Egon Schallmayer: The Odenwald Limes. Along the Roman border between the Main and Neckar. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2309-5 . P. 134.

[19] 49 ° 22 ′ 36 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 13 ″ E49.376666666667 9.1702777777778