Gottesaue Castle
Gottesaue Palace is a multi destroyed and reconstructed Renaissance - castle in Karlsruhe Oststadt on the site of a former Benedictine abbey. Today it is the seat of the Karlsruhe University of Music .
history
overview
In 1094 the Benedictine abbey Gottesaue was donated by Count Berthold von Hohenberg . The monastery was looted in 1525 and damaged by fire. Margrave Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach had a castle built on the site from 1588 to 1597 according to the plans of Johannes Schoch . In 1689, the palace was destroyed by fire during the War of the Palatinate Succession and poorly repaired. After another fire in 1735, it was rebuilt lower in 1743 and used by the Kammergut as a fruit store. In 1818 the building became barracks and in 1919 tenement barracks . After briefly serving as a police school in 1935, it became barracks again in 1936. The building was destroyed in an air raid in 1944 and part of the ruins was then blown up because of the risk of collapse. Reconstruction began in 1982, largely in the style of the 16th century, with the visible inclusion of preserved wall remains. In 1989 the Karlsruhe University of Music moved in . In the period that followed, the Fuchsbau Cavaliers House , the Marstall and other ancillary buildings were prepared for use by the university.
Old gate
New gate
East Side
monastery
Count Berchtholdus de Hohenburg founded the monastery in Gotzaugen in 1094 , which was established by Bishop Gebhard III. was consecrated by Konstanz in 1103. This is reported by an excerpt made in the 17th century from the monastic annals that have not survived . Gotzaugen was a cleared area on the edge of the county in Ufgau . Berthold, who named himself after the castle built by him or his predecessor on the Hohenberg - today's Turmberg near Durlach - was the owner of the county in Pfinzgau . He gave the convent the property it needed to support it. Influenced by the Hirsau reform , in the spirit of the Cluny reform movement , Count Berthold renounced the right of the private church master to elect and appoint the abbot. This is documented by a document from King Henry V from 1110, in which the founder and his family are confirmed the right to the hereditary monastery bailiwick. Berthold's house monastery , the Benedictine abbey Gottesaue, was to be the spiritual and spiritual center of his rule and the burial place of his family. The first abbot of the monastery came from Hirsau and certainly some monks as well. Count Berthold died in 1110; he was buried in the crossing of the monastery church. The Counts of Hohenberg soon died out and their inheritance fell to the Margraves of Baden , and with it the right to the stiftervogtei.
The monastery only flourished for a short time. After donations and purchases of possessions and rights, after clearing and settlement activities by the abbey, the extensive manorial rule in the late 13th century provided a solid economic basis. The decline came in the 14th century and the sources report great poverty. In the 15th century things started to pick up again. In 1485 a newly built chapel was consecrated and the altars in the renovated church.
Nothing of this monastery church has survived, and its exact location in the former monastery district is still not known with certainty. The approximately 100 x 250 m area of the medieval monastery has been built over again and again since the 16th century. With the knowledge gained from written records and a comparison with the Benedictine abbey in Alpirsbach , which was built at the same time , one can get an idea of the monastery complex in Gottesaue: The monastery church in Gottesaue was a three-aisled basilica with a transept and a two-storey westwork . The chapter house and cloister with the convent buildings were on the south side of the church; on the north side was the new cemetery, consecrated in 1485, and the aforementioned chapel. To the west of this facility was the presumably modest farm yard.
There was of course a library in the monastery. Three books found by chance in recent times attest to the preoccupation with philosophical, theological and legal subjects. However, nothing is known about a lively spiritual life in the monastery. In the middle of the 15th century, the abbey tried to join the reform movement of the Bursfeld congregation .
In 1525, during the Peasants' War , the monastery was looted and set on fire. After the rebellion had been put down, the monks who had returned made makeshift furnishings in the buildings that had been preserved, but monastic life gradually came to a standstill. When the abbot died in 1529, no successor was chosen for him. In 1556 the last monk died. In the same year the Reformation was introduced in the margraviate of Baden-Durlach . The monastery property was secularized and became the domain of the Margraves of Baden.
lock
After 1584, construction activity began under Margrave Ernst Friedrich. A cattle house and stables were built and a warehouse was built in part of the old monastery church. According to the plans of the Strasbourg master builder Johannes Schoch , construction of the Gottesauer Palace began in 1588. Apart from the interior work, the construction work was finished in 1597. The palace chapel and a small hall were on the second floor, and the large ballroom on the third floor. The new building with its five towers, which was built in two construction phases, does not stand on the foundations of the converted and partially demolished old church.
During the Thirty Years' War , Gottesaue experienced an attempt to re-establish a monastery. In the edict of restitution of 1629 it was decreed that spiritual property that was secularized after 1552 should be returned to the church. Since the monastery and its possessions had only become a margravial domain in 1556, this also applied to Gottesaue. When in 1631 two Benedictines came to organize the administration of the monastery, nothing of the former monastery church and the convent buildings was left. But next to three or four habitable houses and a few stables and barns you could see a beautiful on the outside, even stately, closed with many empty rooms. After a year, the two monks had to flee because of the war, but they soon came back and in 1635 set up the castle chapel in the neglected castle. In 1648, in the Peace of Westphalia , Gottesaue was again awarded to Margrave Friedrich von Baden-Durlach, and the Benedictines had to leave their old property for good.
The castle survived the Thirty Years' War more or less unscathed, but in 1689 it was destroyed by fire in the Palatinate War of Succession . The third floor has now been demolished, the burned-out rooms were poorly repaired and the building was once again used as a usable space for the chamber property . Due to a fire in the neighborhood that was not noticed in time, the remains of the castle were destroyed a second time in 1735. Now the whole castle was in the ashes . According to plans by the engineer Johann Christoph Lauterbach, the building was rebuilt in a modified form on two floors from 1743 and used as a fruit store.
The margravate of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden , which was established in 1535, reunited in 1771 to form the margraviate of Baden , which had a huge increase in territory in the wake of the French Revolution . Margrave Karl Friedrich accepted the title of Grand Duke in 1806 . The Grand Duchy had to be reorganized, including the military. In 1818, the military moved into part of the Gottesaue estate, which has been used for agriculture since then. The converted former Renaissance castle was now used as a barracks.
In November 1918 the last Grand Duke abdicated and in 1919 the Free State of Baden was established . After 1922, the city of Karlsruhe (which had been a residential city since 1715) set up emergency housing in the former barracks next to businesses and social institutions. In 1935 the police school was moved to Gottesaue. The construction work for the intended use of the castle as a police barracks was discontinued because of the war events in 1940. On May 27, 1944, large parts of the palace and many other buildings in Gottesaue were destroyed in an air raid on Karlsruhe. After the demolition of further parts necessary to secure the ruin, only about half of the outer walls of two floors remained. From 1982 to 1989 the castle was reconstructed with the visible inclusion of existing remains. In its external shape, the building largely corresponds to the Renaissance castle from the 16th century. Components that have not been preserved have been supplemented with modern materials that leave the differences between old and new visible. The architect Barbara Jakubeit received the Hugo Häring Prize in 1991 for this work . The Karlsruhe University of Music moved in as a new user in 1989 .
Name of the castle
While one reads “Schloss Gottesaue” on the website of the city of Karlsruhe and an adjacent street is also called that, the Karlsruhe City Archives endorses the name “Schloss Gottesau” as it is in a work by Emil Lecroix (“The art monuments of the district of Karlsruhe-Land. Karlsruhe 1937 ”) is so called.
Individual evidence
- ↑ BL Karlsruhe, Hs Karlsruhe No. 526; ed.Mone p. 153.
- ↑ GLA Karlsruhe A 118.
- ^ According to: Rößling / Rückert / Schwarzmaier p. 30.
- ^ According to: Rößling / Rückert / Schwarzmaier p. 32.
literature
- Peter Rückert: Gottesaue. Monastery and Palace, Braun Verlag, Karlsruhe 1995.
- W. Rößling, P. Rückert, H. Schwarzmaier (arr.): 900 years of Gottesaue. Searching for clues - securing evidence, ed. from the Friends of the General State Archives Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 1994.
- Günther Haselier: Gottesaue, in: Germania Benedictina, Vol. 5: The Benedictine monasteries in Baden-Württemberg, Augsburg 1975, pp. 253-260.
- Franz Josef Mone : Collection of sources of the Baden regional history, Vol. 2, Karlsruhe 1851.
- Anja Stangl: "anno. Domini. Mcx ...". Gravestones as stone documents from the Gottesaue monastery. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 28th year 1999, issue 3, p. 131f. ( PDF )
Web links
- History of the castle - music college, with many pictures
- History of the Palace - City of Karlsruhe (2002)
- Reconstruction of Gottesaue Palace - City of Karlsruhe (2002)
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 16.3 " N , 8 ° 25 ′ 38" E