Augustinian Hermits Monastery (Freiburg im Breisgau)
The monastery of the Augustinian Hermits is a former monastery with a preserved Gothic cloister on the Salzstrasse in the old town of Freiburg im Breisgau . The Augustinian monks lived here from 1278 to 1783.
The Augustinian Museum has been housed in the building since 1923 .
history
In 1278, Count Egino II approved the construction of an Augustinian monastery and a church on the site between the Salt Road and the city wall. The founding deed of December 6, 1278 also shows that monks of the Augustinian hermits had previously resided in Freiburg. The Bishop of Strasbourg , Konrad von Lichtenberg , inaugurated the Augustinian Church in 1299. The construction of the monastery complex began at the beginning of the 14th century. A delivery note from 1332 shows that the sandstone used for the construction comes from the Lorretto (Schlier) mountain . Renovations and new buildings in the 17th and 18th centuries in the Baroque style and other changes in the early 20th century determine the current appearance and structure of the complex. In 1706 the nave of the church was raised and equipped with 10 oval windows. In the course of the work, two new chapels were built and, in addition to the sacristy , the original monastery was also renovated.
In 1784, Hermann von Greiffenegg ordered the eight Augustinian fathers to move to the Franciscan monastery and to take over pastoral care in the newly founded second parish of St. Martin on behalf of Emperor Joseph II . The local Franciscans moved to the Augustinian monastery. According to the provisions of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, the monastery was closed and the building was used for other purposes. In the nave of the former large monastery church, Freiburg set up one of the first city theaters in Germany, which existed from 1823 to 1910. With the opening of today's city theater in 1910, the former church was no longer used as a theater. Since 1874, the city stored parts of the city's antiquities collection in the monastery, but many of the buildings in the complex were neglected, served as schools or used by the Baden troops as ammunition stores.
With the appointment of Max Wingenroth as museum director, the monastery began to be used as a museum. What began as the Freiburg City Museum in 1922 has developed into the Augustinian Museum since 1923 with the inclusion of Freiburg's municipal art collections . Thus one of the oldest and most beautiful buildings in the city was preserved. This building complex is one of the few buildings from the Middle Ages that still has a high proportion of historical building fabric, in which remains from the Gothic are found again and again. Finds in the basement of the museum point to an earlier settlement on Augustinerplatz. In the end, seven buildings were demolished during the construction of the monastery and an eighth remained. It is assumed that this is the original monastery.
As part of a thorough renovation of the building that began in 2006, the external appearance has also changed. The west facade to Augustinerplatz was opened with a new entrance with a foyer, the former nave was restructured with supports and the installation of surrounding galleries, and the basement and attic were converted into exhibition rooms.
Initially, the Augustinian monastery was spatially part of the German province . After their division in 1299, it was assigned to the Rhenish Swabian province. This changed in 1781 when, on the orders of the Austrian government, the four monasteries on the Austrian territory formed the Upper Austrian province. The government forbade any connection with the prior general of the Augustinians when the prior of Constance was appointed director in 1782 and then provincial in 1789 . The city of Freiburg regarded the mendicant order monasteries as its monasteries , which also resulted in further dependencies. This is understandable since members of the convents came from Freiburg and the surrounding area.
Well-known convention members in Freiburg were:
- Tilmann Limperger (* 1455 - † approx. 1535) prior in Freiburg as well as provincial, professor and multiple dean of the university. From 1498 titular bishop of Tripoli and auxiliary bishop of Basel . In 1529 he gave the first Reformed sermon in Basel Minster .
- Engelbert Klüpfel studied from 1754 to 1756, professor of dogmatics at the University of Freiburg
- Sigismund Büttner (1691–1742), student of theology, novice master, teacher of philosophy
- Thomas Zeni , 1707 plasterer and architect
- Thomas Zipfeli , prior and cooperator at St. Martin from 1787, created a Freiburg city map
research
In 1982 the latrine pits of the monastery were examined and glass, ceramics and mainly wood, leather and textiles were found. The finds date from the late 13th to 15th centuries. They give you a good insight into the craft of that time, for example through the leather finds in the craft of the monastic cobbler . The tableware of the monastery is known through the glass and the ceramics. There were also many well-preserved wooden tools among them. The find thus also gives an overview of the type of waste disposal in Freiburg at that time.
literature
- Matthias Untermann u. a .: The latrine of the Augustinian Hermit Monastery in Freiburg im Breisgau (= material booklets on archeology in Baden-Württemberg 31). Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8062-1215-5 .
- Sophie Stelzle-Hüglin: Virgil and the Emperor's Daughter or the Magician's Revenge: Thoughts on a late medieval stove tile motif from the latrine of the Augustinian Hermit Monastery in Freiburg im Breisgau . In: Festschrift Heiko Steuer (1999) pp. 299–306.
- Frank Löbbecke: House building and monastery church: building archaeological investigations in the Freiburg Augustinian museum . In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2002, pp. 191-195.
- Frank Löbbecke: ... and were given permission to build a larger church - the foundation and construction of the Freiburg Augustinian monastery in the upper old town . In: A city needs monasteries - Freiburg i. Br. Needs monasteries , Freiburg i. Br. 2006, pp. 160-165.
- Frank Löbbecke: Early Freiburg town houses under the Augustinian monastery: the monastery of the Freiburg Augustinian hermits and its prehistory . In: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Vol. 72/73, 2006, pp. 74–85.
- Frank Löbbecke, Wolfgang Wimmenauer: The Augustinian monasteries in Constance and Freiburg i. Br. Foundation building and predecessor development . In: Church Archeology Today. Questions - Methods - Results . Darmstadt 2010, pp. 350–381.
Web links
- Augustinian monastery Freiburg in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Augustinian monastery Freiburg - history of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg.
- ^ Peter Kalchthaler : Small Freiburg city history . Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2006
- ↑ Augustiner Kloster Freiburg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Badische Seiten, accessed August 3, 2013
- ^ Catherine Bosshart-Pfluger: Tilman Limperger. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . June 23, 2014 , accessed July 6, 2019 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 38 ″ N , 7 ° 51 ′ 9 ″ E