Hill strawberry

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Hill strawberry
Crack strawberry (Fragaria viridis), habit, deciduous leaves and five-fold flower

Crack strawberry ( Fragaria viridis ), habit, deciduous leaves and five-fold flower

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Strawberries ( Fragaria )
Type : Hill strawberry
Scientific name
Fragaria viridis
Weston

The hill strawberry ( Fragaria viridis ), also known as crack berry or crack strawberry , is one of the four Central European strawberry species . It got its German trivial name because picking the ripe fruit produces an audible cracking sound.

description

Radially symmetrical flower with five petals
Infructescence with common nut fruits, each with five sepals and sepals pressed on
The terminal tooth of the leaflet is only ⅓-½ as long as the neighboring teeth. These are curved crescent-shaped towards the end tooth and usually protrude beyond it.

Appearance and leaf

The hill strawberry grows as a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant and only reaches heights of 10 to 20 centimeters. Its stem has thick, horizontal hairs and towers above the rosette leaves. It often forms monopodial runners and spreads vegetatively with them.

The basal leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is fingered in three parts. The short-stalked central lamellae are elliptical and have an end tooth that is shorter than the lateral teeth, the tips of which are often inwardly curved. The lateral leaflets have only a very short stalk.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from May to June. Three to six flowers stand together in an inflorescence ; they can only be found in the upper quarter of the specimens. The bracts are often very small, imperforate and reduced. The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 2.5 centimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The flower base has fine long hairs. The five sepals and five sepals are pressed down to ripen the fruit and usually stick to them when the fruit is picked. The five petals are initially greenish-white in color, but ivory white to full anthesis .

fruit

The hill strawberry forms a common nut fruit . The many nuts are on the outside of the thickened axle fabric. The common nut fruit is round, relatively hard and only slightly shiny. The ripe fruit is usually reddish or dark red in color, but often remains green in the shade. The nuts are slightly sunken. When the ripe nut fruit is detached from the fruit stalk, this happens through an audible crack.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Similarity to other species

The hill strawberry ( Fragaria viridis ) differs from the forest strawberry ( Fragaria vesca ) in that the sepals and sepals adjoin the pods and that they form monopodial runners. The common nut fruits have no typical strawberry aroma, but rather taste sour.

ecology

The crack strawberry is a hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by insects, mostly by Hymenoptera such as bees or bumblebees or Fly like flies and many butterflies . But beetles have also been seen pollinating.

The spread of the diaspores , which are common nuts, occurs either through self- expansion ( autochory ) or through digestive expansion ( endozoochory ). The seeds are light germs .

Occurrence

The wide distribution area of Fragaria viridis extends in the northern hemisphere from Eurasia to North America . While it is rare in Germany in the northern federal states (on the Red List in Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), it occurs scattered in central and southern Germany.

In Austria, the cracking strawberry occurs in all federal states in the collinen up to the montane altitude . It only died out in Salzburg and Vorarlberg. In the Pannonian it occurs absent- mindedly , in the rest of Austria only rarely. It is endangered in the Alpine region and in the northern and southeastern Alpine foothills.

The hill strawberry has its main occurrence in the perennial fringes of dry and warm locations. So it prefers warm, dry and light locations, but also grows in light mixed deciduous forests. It thrives best in nutrient-rich soils ; it is often found on calcareous soils . It is a character species of the Geranion sanguinei association in Central Europe, but also occurs in societies of the Festuco-Bromnetea class, the Quercetalia pubescentis order and the Erico-Pinion association.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c crack strawberry. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 544.
  3. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 486 f .

Web links

Commons : Hill Strawberry  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files