Kościuszko Hill
The Kościuszko Hill ( Polish copy Kościuszki ) in Kraków was raised in 1820-1823 in honor of the Polish national hero Tadeusz Kościuszko . Kościuszko was a general and leader of the uprising against the partitioning powers Russia and Prussia in 1794, named after him . The hill is one of four artificial hills in Krakow, of which the Krakus Hill and the Wanda Hill are the tombs of legendary figures according to popular tradition , while the Piłsudski Hill was raised in 1934–1937 in honor of Józef Piłsudski .
The hill was raised on the Sankt Bronisława hill in the western part of the Kraków city area, in the 7th district of Zwierzyniec, in an action with the voluntary participation of the Kraków population.
history
Tadeusz Kościuszko († 1817 in Solothurn , Switzerland ) was solemnly buried on June 18, 1818 in the St Leonhard Chapel of the royal crypt of Kraków's Wawel Cathedral . Since the Kraków people particularly admired him, the call for a monument to be built in his honor was loud. It was decided to build a hill based on the existing Krakus and Wanda hills, which enabled the citizens of Kraków to participate in the earthworks. The ruling Senate of the Free City of Krakow approved the initiative in July 1820.
Work began on September 15, 1820 and was completed on October 25, 1823. The hill was 34 meters high and 8.5 meters in diameter at the top and 80 meters below.
The Austrian authorities built a ring of fortifications, which formed the Kościuszko Citadel, as part of the construction of city fortifications from 1850–1856 around the St Bronisława Hill.
In 1860 a rock with the inscription Kościuszce ( Dem Kościuszko ) was placed on the upper viewing platform . During the First World War , the Austrian troops removed it and set up an observation post on the viewing platform .
After the Second World War , the fortifications built by the Austrians were partially demolished for political reasons until 1957, but the demolition work was stopped by monument preservationists. In 1977 a hotel was built in the preserved part of the facilities, and transmission systems for private radio transmitters have been installed there since the early 1990s.
Next to the hill is the Kościuszko Museum .
The hill was severely damaged in 1997 by heavy downpours. The repair work lasted until November 2002.
The hill was registered on September 15, 1936 under A-954 in the register of architectural monuments of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The hill and its surroundings were declared a historical monument (Pomnik historii) on December 8, 2017 by decree of President Andrzej Duda . With the historical city complex and the Tyniec Abbey, it is one of the city's outstanding cultural monuments .
Panorama
Kościuszko Hill. In front is the St. Bronisława Chapel
Memorial rock
View from the Marienkirche tower
Spiral staircase
in the bastion
Web links
literature
- Mariusz Gotfryd, Krzysztof Lipiński, Sabine Lipiński: Krakow: Mini City Guide . Bosz, Olszanica 2007, ISBN 978-83-89747-84-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument register
- ↑ http://isap.sejm.gov.pl Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 22 listopada 2017 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii 'Kraków - Copyc Kościuszki z otoczeniem'. (Polish, Sejm document server ; accessed July 17, 2020)
Coordinates: 50 ° 3 ′ 17.7 ″ N , 19 ° 53 ′ 36.1 ″ E