Colchian pimpernut
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Colchian pimpernut ( Staphylea colchica ) |
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The colchian pimpernut ( Staphylea colchica ) is a species of plant that belongs to the pimpernut family (Staphyleaceae). In their Georgian homeland, the common name კოლხური ჯონჯოლი "kolchuri dschondscholi" is used.
description
The Colchian Pimpernuss is a deciduous shrub or small tree with heights of up to 5 meters. Their against-constant and stalked leaves are pinnate with usually five to flowering shoots only three pinna leaflet . With a length of up to 15 centimeters, the elliptical to egg-shaped, pointed to pointed, bald leaflets have a serrated or notched edge. The leaflets are almost sessile, only the terminal leaflet is petiolate longer. The hermaphroditic, white, five-fold and fragrant, stalked flowers with a double inflorescence are in terminal, upright to nodding paniculate inflorescences .
Of the commons Pimpernuss ( Staphylea pinnata ) the staphylea colchica is distinguishable by horizontal to erect, not hanging panicles inflorescences, sepals which are spread out, whereby a tube around the stamens forming petals are exposed, elongated fruits (as long as wide), which still hanging on the plant disintegrate and release the seeds. The flowers have a fine orange blossom scent, they are the largest within the genus. All other Staphylea species have leaflets with only three leaflets.
The colchian pimpernut forms the hybrid Staphylea × coulombieri André with the common pimpernut ( Staphylea pinnata ) .
Occurrence and endangerment
The colchian pimpernut has a small distribution area , which includes the Turkish Black Sea coast , the southern slope of the Caucasus and part of neighboring Iran . In Georgia, it occurs mainly in the Kolchis region, at altitudes between 0 and 700 up to 800 meters.
The colchian pimpernut thrives on the edges of forests and as an undergrowth in deciduous deciduous forests , which is characterized by the Hartwiss oak ( Quercus hartwissiana ), the hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), the sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa ), the oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis ), the Caucasian linden ( Tilia dasystyla ) and the common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) are shaped.
Due to extensive clearing, these colchic deciduous forests, which are characterized by deciduous trees and sometimes evergreen undergrowth, have been strongly pushed back today and mostly limited to inaccessible mountain slopes and protected areas. The common pimpernut ( Staphylea pinnata ) is often found in the same stocks as a companion .
The colchian pimpernut is registered in Georgia according to the law "On the Red Book and the Red List" of 2003 in the "Red List".
Taxonomy
The first description of Staphylea colchica was made in 1848 by Christian von Steven in Bulletin de la Société Impériale of Naturalistes de Moscou , 21 (2), S. 276th
use
Oil is extracted from the seeds. The oil tastes like pistachios and has a laxative effect ( laxative , purgative).
In April, when the leaves are sprouting, people in Georgia pick the still unopened flower buds with the young inflorescence and put them in. The inlaid inflorescence is called "Dschondscholi", "Jonjoli" ( ჯონჯოლი ), its taste is similar to capers , to which this plant species is not related. It is used as a salad in Georgian cuisine . The common pimpernut is also used.
The Colchian Pimpernuss and its hybrid Staphylea × coulombieri are planted as an ornamental plant.
The Department of Landscape Architecture of the Forestry Faculty of the University of Trabzon also recommends the Colchian Pimpernut as one of the species whose planting can help to reduce noise in cities.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Staphylea colchica at Plants For A Future . Retrieved November 26, 2013.
- ↑ a b Richard E. Weaver, Jr .: The Bladdernuts. In: Arnoldia. Volume 40 No. 2, 1980, pp. 76-93, online (PDF).
- ↑ Metin Sarıbaş, Zafer Kaya, Saime Başaran, Barbaros Yaman, Mehmet Sabaz: The use of some natural plant species from the western Black Sea region of Turkey for landscape design. In: Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. Volume 16, No. 2, 2007, pp. 193-205, online at researchgate.net.
- ↑ Georgi Nakhutsrishvili: Evergreen broad-leaved vegetation in the Colchis. In: Frank Klötzli, Gain-Reto Walther (Ed.): Conference on Recent Shifts in Vegetation Boundaries of Deciduous Forests, Especially Due to General Global Warming. Ascona 1998, Monte Verità, Birkhäuser, 1999, ISBN 3-7643-6086-0 , pp. 167-179.
- ↑ M. Akhalkatsi, D. Tarkhnishvili: Habitats of Georgia. Natura 2000. Tblissi 2012, online at academia.edu.
- ↑ The law is published in the Georgian Law Gazette No. 19 of July 1, 2003 (Georgian legislative bulletin N19 July 1, 2003 ).
- ↑ Staphylea colchica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 26, 2013.
- ↑ Staphylea colchica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
- ↑ Georgian recipe for pickling the pimpernut flowers .
- ^ PJ Jarvis: The Introduction and Cultivation of Bladdernuts in England. In: Garden History. Volume 7, No. 1, 1979, pp. 65-73, doi: 10.2307 / 1586717 .
- ↑ Doç. Dr. Ali Özbilen, Arş.Gör. Mustafa Var (KTÜ Orman Fakanschesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü / TRABZON): Gürältü Kirliliğinin Doğal Elemanlarla Çözümlenmesi İçin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde Gürältü Kirliliğine Karşı Etkin Olan Doğal Eleman Türzler Çözler. (To combat noise pollution with natural / native species: Trabson model example with natural species that are effective in combating noise pollution in the eastern Black Sea region) In: Ekoloji. Issue 2, 1992 and in Çevre Dergisi (Umweltzeitschrift), pp. 17–22 ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.2 MB).
literature
- ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 5, გვ. 598, თბ., 1980 წელი. Kartuli Sabchota Enciklopedia, t. 5, gw. 598, Tb., 1980 (Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Volume 5, page 598, Tbilisi, 1980, in Georgian).
