Pimpernuts

Pimpernuts
	Pimpernut ( Staphylea pinnata ), illustration
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Crossosomatales
Family :	Pimpernuss family (Staphyleaceae)
Genre :	Pimpernuts
Scientific name
	Staphylea
	L.

The pimpernuts ( Staphylea ) are a genus of plants in the family of the pimpernuss plants (Staphyleaceae). The eleven or so species are distributed across the northern hemisphere in North America and Eurasia .

description

Japanese pimpernut ( Staphylea bumalda )

Colchian pimpernut ( Staphylea colchica )

Pimpernut ( Staphylea pinnata )

Vegetative characteristics

The Staphylea species are woody plants that grow as deciduous shrubs or small trees . The against-constant leaves are pinnate with three to seven pinna leaflets which are cut from the edge until notched. The stipules are obsolete.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are arranged in terminal and paniculate inflorescences . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The flower stalk is divided with a "joint". The sepals are petaloid and colored, the petals are erect. The five stamens are white to yellow or pink, the stamens are hairy at the base and the anthers are bicameral. The upper ovary is divided into three or two parts with more or less overgrown styles . There is a discus .

The hanging capsule fruits are puffed up. The seeds are light brown and spherical.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Staphylea was first published in 1753 by the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 270. The botanical genus name Staphylea is derived from the Greek word staphylé for grape.

The genus Staphylea is common in North America and Eurasia . Only the pimpernut ( Staphylea pinnata ) is native to Central Europe.

There are about eleven species of Staphylea :

California pimpernut ( Staphylea bolanderi A. Gray ): It is only found in California .
Japanese pimpernut ( Staphylea bumalda DC. ): It is common in China , Manchuria , Korea and Japan .
Colchian pimpernut ( Staphylea colchica Steven ): It occurs only in the Caucasus .
Staphylea emodi Wall. : It occurs in the Himalayas .
Staphylea forrestii Balf. f. : It occurs only in the Chinese province of Yunnan .
Chinese pimpernut ( Staphylea holocarpa Hemsl. ): It is widespread in central China.
Pimpernuss or common pimpernuss ( Staphylea pinnata L. ): It is widespread from Europe to the Middle East.
Staphylea shweliensis W.W.Smith : It is only found in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
American pimpernut ( Staphylea trifolia L. ): It is widespread in Canada and the United States .

It is also known a hybrid :

Staphylea × elegans : hybrids of Staphylea colchica × Staphylea pinnata

The following species previously included here are currently assigned to other genera:

Staphylea indica Burm. f. is now Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Staphylea occidentalis Sw. is now Turpinia occidentalis (Sw.) G.Don

swell

Staphylea at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (Sections Description and Systematics)
De-Zhu Li, Jie Cai, Jun Wen: Staphyleaceae. : Staphylea , p. 499 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Staphylea at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d De-Zhu Li, Jie Cai, Jun Wen: Staphyleaceae. : Staphylea , p. 499 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 .
↑ ^a ^b Entry in Jepson Flora Project .
↑ Staphylea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on May 6, 2015.
^ Staphylea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Pimpernuts ( Staphylea ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Pimpernuss - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Zander2008-1] A ^b Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

[FoP-2] Staphylea at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[FoC-3] De-Zhu Li, Jie Cai, Jun Wen: Staphyleaceae. : Staphylea , p. 499 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 .

[Jepson-4] Entry in Jepson Flora Project .

[Tropicos-5] Staphylea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on May 6, 2015.

[GRIN-6] Staphylea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.