Kolwa (Ussa)
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Kolva Kolva |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 03050200112103000071842 | |
| location | Nenets Autonomous Okrug , Komi Republic ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Pechora | |
| Drain over | Ussa → Pechora → Arctic Ocean | |
| origin | Lake Kolwaty 68 ° 12 ′ 17 ″ N , 58 ° 0 ′ 17 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 130 m | |
| muzzle |
Ussa bei Ussinsk Coordinates: 65 ° 55 '30 " N , 57 ° 19' 4" E 65 ° 55 '30 " N , 57 ° 19' 4" E |
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| Mouth height | 31 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 99 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.18 ‰ | |
| length | 546 km | |
| Catchment area | 18,100 km² | |
| Discharge at the Kolwa A Eo gauge : 15,000 km² Location: 137 km above the mouth |
MQ 1975/1993 Mq 1975/1993 |
165 m³ / s 11 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Kolwawis, Sandiwei | |
| Right tributaries | Karyacha | |
| Communities | Chorei-Wer, Charjaga, Verkhnekolvinsk, Kolva | |
| Navigable | 330 km (from Chorei-Wer) | |
 Location of the Kolva (Колва) in the catchment area of the Pechora |
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The Kolwa ( Russian Колва ) is a 546 kilometers long right tributary of the Ussa in the northeast of the European part of Russia .
course
The Kolwa has its origin in the 200 m high Janeimusjur ridge , which stretches across the Arctic Circle in the Bolschesemelskaya Tundra , the area along the coast of the Arctic Ocean between the Polar Urals and Pechora . Here it flows away from Lake Kolwaty, which is about 130 m . The river flows through the tundra landscape in a predominantly southerly direction, and in the middle course also to the west, initially on the territory of the autonomous district of the Nenets , in sections meandering in wide arcs . It then reaches the territory of the Komi Republic and the northern edge of the taiga . The Kolva finally flows into the Ussa not far from the city of Ussinsk or below the urban-type settlement Parma at a height of 31 m .
The main tributaries of the Kolwa are the Kolwawis and Sandiwei from the left and the Khariacha from the right.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Kolwa covers 18,100 km². Near the mouth, the river is about 300 meters wide and two meters deep; the flow velocity here is 0.7 m / s.
The Kolwa freezes between late November and mid-May. The water flow at 137 kilometers above the estuary is an annual average of 165 m³ / s with a minimum of 1.8 m³ / s in March and a maximum of 860 m³ / s in June.
Infrastructure and economy
The Kolwa is navigable from Chorei-Wer, below the confluence of the Kolwawis, for 330 km.
In connection with the discovery of large oil deposits along the lower Kolwa in the 1960s and their development from the 1970s and increasingly since the 1980s, several permanently inhabited settlements emerged along the river on a stretch of over 150 km, such as Charjaga in the Autonomous Region District of the Nenets and Verkhnekolvinsk in the Komi Republic, as well as a large number of temporary oil workers' settlements. The oil deposits on the Kolwa are exploited by Lukoil , among others, and with the participation of foreign companies such as Total .
The settlements are connected by a road that starts from Ussinsk and crosses the river four times. Ussinsk itself has an airport and is located a few kilometers from Kolva and Ussa. Directly on the Kolwa there is an old village of the same name six kilometers above the mouth.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Article Kolwa in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Kolwa in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ a b Kolwa at the Kolwa gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
- ^ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002); on-line