Kop van Zuid
| province |
 South Holland
|
| local community |
 Rotterdam
|
|
Area - land - water |
0.64 km 2 0.27 km 2 0.37 km 2 |
| Residents | 2,390 (Jan 1, 2017) |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 54 ′ N , 4 ° 30 ′ E |
| Important traffic route |
 P. 122
|
| prefix | 010 |
| Postcodes | 3071-3072 |
 |
|
The Kop van Zuid ( German head of south (-Rotterdam) ) is a new Rotterdam district, which has been under construction since 1993 on the 120 hectare former port area, which is connected to the city center by the Erasmus Bridge over the Nieuwe Maas . The area belonged to the Second World War, the port of Rotterdam , went into decline rapidly and since 1993 by an ambitious urban renewal program redesigned to run until 2010.
history
During Germany's devastating air raid on Rotterdam in 1940, the Kop van Zuid was also destroyed. During the Second World War, the barracks were located there, into which Dutch Jews were rounded up to be transported further east.
After the port of Rotterdam moved further and further west into the North Sea , the importance of the inner city as a whole decreased. From the war to 2005, the population of the inner city districts fell from 80,000 to 28,000. The Kop van Zuid was falling into disrepair and became increasingly a social hotspot and area of decline in the course of the 1960s to 1990s . In the 1960s, several high-rise residential buildings for social housing were built. In 1968 the city seriously considered converting the area into a red light district , but encountered bitter protests from the remaining residents. The Dutch State Railways used parts of the district as a shunting facility; after large warehouses on the river separated the district from the water, rail tracks now separated it from the surrounding districts of Südrotterdam. The area was considered one of the "most repulsive parts of the city". The first plans to invest in the area were made in 1978, from 1980 750 social housing houses were built and in 1984 the elongated De Peperklip building was built. Serious urban renewal programs as well as efforts to protect historical monuments initially focused clearly on the smaller areas north of the Nieuwen Maas. After conflicts between the city administration and the port company temporarily halted the project, the city made a new attempt with the “Vernieuwing van Rotterdam” (renovation of Rotterdam) plan.
Under the supervision of Jan Doets from the development company Rotterdam, Riek Bakker, who is now responsible for the area and architect Teun Koolhaas, presented an overall plan in 1987 that was to attract 15,000 new residents to the area by 2010, creating 18,000 new jobs in the area, 755,000 m² of living space different price ranges and 400,000 m² of office space. The program should cost the public institutions a total of almost three billion euros. It envisaged a closer connection of the area to the northern city by a bridge over the Nieuwe Maas, a new tunnel for the subway under the Rhine and the new Wilhelminaplein subway station . A water taxi should ensure a special experience value when reaching the city area and has proven to be so successful that it has since been expanded. The new bridge, which later became the Erasmusbrug, played a key role in this. Four vehicle lanes run over it, a bicycle lane and a pedestrian lane, a tram route that for the first time connects the Rotterdam network with the route on the southern bank of the Rhine, it also serves as a landmark for urban renewal and now also for the city. The plan placed value on high quality in the design of individual private projects in order to correspond to the envisaged change in the city's image. If possible, old buildings and landmarks such as port facilities and storage facilities should also be preserved and incorporated into the new city concept.
The council passed the plan in May 1989 on the condition that programs against unemployment would also be started in the neighboring districts. In July 1989, the city and the Dutch government signed a contract as part of the Grote Steden Beleid (Big Cities Program), in which the government agreed to co-finance; in 1991 the city and in 1994 the state also approved the corresponding development plans. The main infrastructure was to be created between 1990 and 1995 and the railroad to be laid in tunnels. Between 1995 and 2000, the connection routes into the city, including the Erasmus bridge, were to be created. Between 2000 and 2010, the Wilhelminapier in particular was to develop in the form of public-private partnerships as the flagship of the area, in which the most important business buildings, assembly and transport facilities were to be located.
In contrast to what is often the norm in the Netherlands , the city planners here hardly rely on public housing, but almost exclusively on private investments, some of which have been generously supported by the public sector. Some buildings such as the Erasmusbrug , which connects Kop van Zuid with the city center, the Luxor Theater, the World Port Center or the KPN Tower ( Toren op Zuid ) are exemplary buildings of new architecture, with the Montevideo also being the tallest residential building the Netherlands. The clients were able to win over architects such as Bolles + Wilson , Norman Foster , Rem Koolhaas and Renzo Piano . A sign of the old territory is the Hotel New York , which was built in the old building of the Holland America line. The city pays numerous cleaning crews who are supposed to keep the area clean, just as the planning provided for a comparatively large amount of space for green areas but less public parking spaces. As a result, there are now several lower floors of parking spaces in the residential high-rise buildings, but the ground floor is intended solely for shops and other public facilities by urban planning. Many houses have solar panels and are heated with waste heat from the nearby oil refineries and other port operations.
Until 2000, however, only the KPN had settled as a new large corporation, which for this purpose cleared its offices in other parts of the city. Other large-scale settlements came from the Court of Justice, the Tax Office, from some parts of the Erasmus University Rotterdam and from the Port of Rotterdam Authority, all of them public employers. The residential buildings, on the other hand, were so successful, especially with wealthy tenants, that all houses built so far were quickly full. However, the housing associations drew the conclusion to build far more apartments for wealthy tenants (70%) than planned (50%), so that almost none of the new tenants previously lived in Kop van Zuid or neighboring areas, the former poorer residents were due to the Urban development project distributed. ( Gentrification )
shape
Erasmusbrug
The Erasmusbrug has been connecting the city center with the Kop van Zuid since 1996, whereby the government was persuaded to pay for the most expensive construction variant and thus create a successful new landmark in Rotterdam. In addition to the publicly financed connections to the north bank, numerous water taxis were established, which now also facilitate the route across the Nieuwe Maas. As part of an urban renewal program , the district has developed into an integrated part of the Rotterdam city center in recent years. It is also intended to promote the entire district of Feijenoord, which, with an unemployment rate of 40%, an autochthonous population rate of 60% and other factors of deprivation, is one of the two districts with the worst living conditions. While the Nieuwe Maas formed the southern boundary of the city center until the 1990s, this should change. In the course of urban renewal, numerous public buildings as well as private office buildings and residential buildings were built.
Wilhelminapier
The representative location of the Kop van Zuid project is the approximately 12 hectare Wilhelminapier, which is directly opposite the city center and which belongs to the Zentrum district. The Erasmusbrug ends there. On the peninsula, the master plan of which was drawn up by Norman Foster , are the large public buildings such as the Luxor Theater, the World Port Center, the multi-purpose building Cruise Terminal and some particularly tall buildings such as Montevideo.
Thematically, the pier is based on emigration to America , as the Holland America Lijn shipped over a million emigrants to North America and later to Australia from here. Streets have names that are reminiscent of HAL and its staff.
Building on Wilhelminapier
| building | map |
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Web links
- Information page of the project organization ( Memento of April 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Dutch)
- Urban and Economic Development Ltd. (Urbed): "Kop van Zuid Case Study" ( Memento of October 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (pdf)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2017. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek , accessed on June 10, 2018 (Dutch).
- ↑ Jane Holtz Kay : "How the Dutch Do It: Housing in the Netherlands" ( Memento from May 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Civic Trust p. 4
- ^ University of Massachusetts
- ↑ Urbed p. 4
- ↑ Civic Trust p. 4
- ↑ Niedema et al.
- ^ University of Massachusetts
- ↑ , Kop van Zuid - Rotterdam (pdf)
- ↑ Urbed p. 1
- ↑ 3. Eksempler på bolighøyhus (pdf)
- ↑ Hamburgers expand the Hafencity of Rotterdam. Archived from the original on May 2003 ; accessed on February 23, 2014 .
- ↑ Civic Trust p. 5
- ↑ Niedema et al .; Urbed p. 4/5
- ↑ Niedema et al.
- ↑ Urbed p. 6
- ↑ Niedema et al.
- ↑ Civic Trust p. 5
- ^ University of Massachusetts
- ↑ Niedema et al.
- ↑ Urbed p. 5
- ↑ Urbed p. 6
- ↑ Niedema et al.