Kozloduy
Kozloduy (Козлодуй) | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
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State : | Bulgaria | |||
Oblast : | Wraza | |||
Residents : | 12,345 (December 31, 2016) | |||
Coordinates : | 43 ° 47 ' N , 23 ° 44' E | |||
Height : | 33 m | |||
Postal code : | 3320 | |||
Telephone code : | (+359) 0973 | |||
License plate : | BP | |||
administration | ||||
Mayor : | Marinela Nikolova | |||
Ruling party : | GERB |
Kozloduy ( Bulgarian Козлодуй ) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria . The city is the second largest city in the Wraza Oblast . Kozloduy is the administrative center of the Kozloduy municipality of the same name.
geography
Kozloduj lies in the Danube Plain on the right bank of the Danube . The closest Bulgarian cities on the Danube are Lom , which is 40 km to the west, and Orjachowo , which is 20 km to the east. The oblast capital, Vraza, is 65 km further south. The confluence of the Ogosta River with the Danube is 13 km further east, halfway to Orjachowo.
The city lies on three terraces, at a height of 25 to 57 m, in the Kozloduy plain. In the past there were two fish-rich swamps, Ploska and Slana, which were later drained.
Kozloduy is located in the so-called Slatija region. The Slatija region is a plain bordered by the Danube in the north, the Ogosta River in the east and the Zibriza River in the west, which flows into the Danube halfway between Kozloduy and Lom. The plain is a black earth area , very fertile for cereal crops and therefore the second most important granary in the country after the Dobruja . The third largest Bulgarian Danube island Kozloduy is located in the Danube .
history
Over the centuries Thracians , Slavs and Bulgarians lived in the Danube region. Traces of settlement of the Thracians in the form of burial mounds are from the 1st millennium BC. To find. The settlement was originally 10 km further east, 3 km west of the river Ogosta, in the area of Cheet (the Romanian word "Cetate" means "fortress"). There are still the remains of a Roman fortress there today. It is not known exactly when the settlement was moved to its current location. Probably after the great flooding by the Danube and the Ogosta River in 1840.
Through the region later went Danube Limes and the Danube route of the Roman Empire . The remains of the Roman forts Regianum, Camistrum and Augustae also bear witness to this . Augustae is located at the confluence of the Ogosta River with the Danube.
The ruins of the fortress Regianum are located in the Mochura area (Bulgarian Мочура) near Kozloduj, east of the Magura Petra area (or Magura Piatra; Bulgarian Магура Пятра), 7 km from the confluence of the Ogosta River into the Danube. At this point there was also a prehistoric and a Thracian settlement from the 1st millennium BC. Chr.
Asparuch (641 to 702) also had his garrison in this region . The "Asparuch Graben" (Bulgarian Аспарухов вал) irrigation system is located on the Danube. Three protective gates run through western Bulgaria - the trenches at Lom, Ostrow and Kozloduj (or Chajredin) (Bulgar. Западнобългарски окопи: Островски, Хайредински и Ломски) окопи. Two of the three walls - the Ostrowsko Wall and the Chajredin Wall (okop = wall or ditch) - protected the western border of Bulgaria from the end of the 7th to the beginning of the 8th century. Between Kozloduj and Chajredin (Bulgarian Хайредин) parts of the old Bulgarian defensive trench Chajredin okop from the 7th and 8th centuries have been preserved. The Ostrowsko Wall is located near Orjachowo near the village of Selanowzi (Bulgarian Селановци).
The historical Kozloduy Wall from the time of Asparuchs 's First Bulgarian Empire begins west of the port of Kozloduy in the region Kiler bair and extends over 32 km to the southwest to the village Chajredin, where he is referred to as Chajredin Wall. At the highest point of the wall that has been preserved, it is 2.60 m high. There are similar border walls in Transylvania , Bessarabia , Dobruja and on the Black Sea. On the old Bulgarian southern border there was the border wall Erkesija (bulg. Еркесия) - between Burgas on the Black Sea and Simeonowgrad on the Mariza .
In documents from the 14th century the settlement is mentioned under the name Kotosluk (Bulgarian Котозлук). In the 18th century the settlement was recorded under the name Kosludere (Turkish; Bulgarian: Козлудере; German: lower valley; low valley). The name Kozloduj (Latin; German: ice corner or ice region) came later, as large ice floes often formed here.
On May 17, 1876 (May 29, according to the old calendar), the Bulgarian freedom fighter Christo Botew landed as a leader with 200 Bulgarian fighters on the banks of the Danube in Kozloduy. They kidnapped the Austrian Danube paddle steamer "Radezky" to Bulgaria after boarding in small groups in Giurgiu and Bechet, Romania , to contribute to the fight against the occupying power in Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire . On their way through northern Bulgaria they fought against Ottoman units. The decisive battle took place near the Okolchitsa mountain, on which a memorial commemorates Botev. A national park has been built around the mountain.
During the Russo-Ottoman War (1877-1878), the 8th Cavalry Regiment set under the command of Alexander Perez on November 23, 1877 across the Danube and ended the Ottoman rule in Kozloduy. The fighting on the Danube had already begun on June 27, 1877 with the Russians crossing the Danube at Swishtov .
Kozloduy was declared a city in 1969.
Attractions
The Radezky museum ship, which has been anchored here since 1984, is one of the “100 national tourist objects” of Bulgaria. It is known because Vasil Levski started his first trip to Constantinople with this ship and the monument to Christo Botew and his troop, which was erected in 1926. It is the starting point of a 120 km long path that follows in the footsteps of Botev and his band to the Okolchitsa peak. Every year at the end of May a memorial service starts there, the anniversary of his death is June 2nd. It includes a march from Kozloduy to the summit Okolchitsa (Bulgarian Околчица), where Botev was killed on June 2, 1876. The route leads 85 km to the south as the crow flies.
In the vicinity of the museum ship Radezky there is also the Kozlodujufer tourist hut (Bulgarian хижа “Козлодуйски бряг”).
The Roman settlement / fortress Augusta is located near the village of Charlez (bulg. Хърлец), 12 km southeast of Kozloduj, on the Ogosta River.
economy
Because of the only Bulgarian nuclear power plant Kozloduy , the city is of great importance for the energy supply and economy of the country. Before the shutdown of units 1 to 4, the nuclear power plant covered 44% of the Bulgarian electricity demand, the shutdown roughly halved electricity generation.
The construction of the first Bulgarian nuclear power plant began on April 6, 1970 and led to a major expansion of the entire city. On December 31, 2004, units 1 and 2 were shut down by resolution of the Bulgarian parliament . Units 3 and 4 followed on December 31, 2006, only units 5 and 6 are still in operation. Most of Kozloduy's residents work in the nuclear power plant.
Because of the nuclear power plant, there is a “high school with integrated vocational training” in Kozloduy, Igor Kurchatov specializing in nuclear energy.
The nearest train station is in the town of Misija, 10 km southeast of the city center and 5 km southeast of the nuclear power plant.
The residents of the settlement used to work as hauliers to pull the barges and boats up the Danube. Around 1780, silkworms and leather processing with juices from the wig bush were located in Kozloduy.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Regianum. In: pleades.stoa.org. Accessed August 5, 2020 (English).
- ↑ С. Горни Цибър - крепост и пътна станция Цебрус / Камистро. In: bulgariancastles.com. Retrieved August 5, 2020 (Bulgarian).
- ^ The Early Roman castle and Late Antique city AUGUSTAE. In: archeology.archbg.net. Accessed August 5, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Община Хайредин. In: hayredin.com. Retrieved August 5, 2020 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Okolchitsa - Hristo Botev National Park. In: bulgariatravel.org. Retrieved on August 5, 2020 (eng).
- ↑ With the steamer "Radetzky" to free Bulgaria. In: bnr.bg. June 2, 2015, accessed on August 5, 2020 (Eng).
- ^ Radetzky Steamship National Museum. In: danubeoldrichhistory.ro. Accessed August 5, 2020 (English).