Herb stone
| Herb stone (herb stone) |
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|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Danube (upper course) | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 34 '50.8 " N , 13 ° 30' 9.5" E | |
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| length | 30 m | |
| width | 20 m | |
| surface | 0.045 ha | |
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The Kräutelstein , other spellings Kräutlstein and Kreutlstein , rarely Kreutelstein is a small tree-covered rock island in the upper reaches of the Danube below Passau at river kilometer 2223.196, over which the German-Austrian border runs with straight lines and a kink at the boundary stone . A small 135 ° sector in the southwest belongs to Germany, around 85% of the 450 m 2 area belongs to Austria. It is recorded as Kreutelstein on the original position sheet from 1861 .
geography
The here about 250 m wide Danube flows to the north-northeast, the slightly elliptical, about 30 × 20 m measuring island Kräutelstein is usually only about 10 meters of water from the right (eastern) bank of the Danube. The herb stone forms the separated continuation of a north-facing headland that extends above the right bank. When the water level is normal, the herb stone can be reached with dry feet via a pile of stones. The distance to the opposite bank is over 200 meters. He gave the so-called Kräutelsteinbrücke , a disused railway bridge almost 90 meters upstream, the name. The road state border at the Passau – Achleiten border crossing is a good 70 meters southeast, the former border facilities, now a petrol station, only 30 meters east on Nibelungen Straße and thus on Austrian territory.
The rocky island, which is 2.34 km below the mouth of the Inn , is still bathed by the unmixed Inn water, which at least pushes the near-surface water of the deeper Danube significantly to the left when the water flow is high during the season.
The Kräutelstein lies in the FFH areas of the Danube from Kachlet to Jochenstein with the Inn and Ilz estuaries (Bavaria) and the Upper Danube and Aschach valleys (Upper Austria).
The Bavarian part of the rock is part of the natural monument rock at the Kräutlstein bridge .
The so-called wet border between Bavaria and (Upper) Austria begins at the Kräutelstein , which initially takes the shortest route almost 70 meters towards the middle of the river and from there follows the valley path of the Danube to below the Jochenstein for a good 20 kilometers .
Divided island with landmark
As the parcel map based on aerial photographs shows, the border between Germany (Bavaria) and Austria (Upper Austria) runs over the small rocks, with the larger northern part belonging to Austria. The boundary stone No. 1 of the Republic of Austria is located on the Kräutelstein . It separates the Danube and Innwinkel border sections . This borderline can be traced back to the 13th century, at that time the border between the area of the prince-bishops of Passau (in the north, today Austria) and that of the dukes of Lower Bavaria (in the south).
The marking of the border point was first mentioned in 1549. In 1591 a brick border column was erected in which the number 10 and the Passau wolf , the heraldic animal of the prince-bishops of Passau, were engraved. This column was replaced in 1596 by a boundary stone, which was designated boundary stone no. 1 during a boundary revision in 1691. After defying the floods for almost 200 years, the boundary stone from 1596 was replaced in 1792 by the boundary stone that is still standing today. This has a height of 115 cm. On this stone is the Passau Wolf on the German side and the double-headed eagle on the Austrian side with the Babenberg shield on it , including the year 1792. The monogram "F II" stands for Emperor Franz II.
It was not until the Danube flood in 2013 that the boundary stone fell after 221 years - probably due to a tree that had washed ashore. During a search by the Regensburg Waterways and Shipping Office at low tide, the boundary stone was found again and recovered with a floating crane . In October 2014, the boundary stone was attached to its base, reinforced with steel reinforcement.
The closest gauge is the Achleiten gauge at river kilometer 2,223.10, just under 100 meters below the Kräutelstein. The next level upstream is the Passau Ilzstadt / Danube level at river kilometer 2,225.25, i.e. around two kilometers above the Kräutelstein.
administration
On the Austrian side, the Kräutelstein is part of the hamlet of Achleiten in the locality and cadastral municipality of Hinding, municipality of Freinberg in the Upper Austrian district of Schärding in the Innviertel .
The German part of the rock island belongs to the district and district Grubweg , district Schneckenberg in Passau. The border to the district of Innstadt (district Beiderwies), there district Bayerisch Haibach , runs on the right bank of the Danube.
On July 1, 1923, Beiderwies was incorporated into the city of Passau, and with it the Bavarian part of the Kräutelstein.
literature
- Joseph Mayenberg: List of the vascular plants occurring around Passau: Contribution to the flora of Lower Bavaria. Separate Abdr. from: Annual report of the Natural History Association Passau; 10, 1875, 114 pp.
- Alois Zechmann: Kräutlstein and apple cook - Remnants (pre) alpine flora in Passau. In: The Bavarian Forest. 9th year (new series) Issue 1 / June 1995 (pp. 25–26), also volume 16, information sheet Bot. Arbeits- u. Protection Association of the Bavarian Forest District, Part 33 Information sheet for the Natural History District of the Bavarian Forest e. V., founded 1975, 32nd report (1) of the Natural Science Association e. V. Passau
- Ulrich Teuber: The moss flora of Passau and the surrounding area. A look at yesterday and today. Part 2. In: The Bavarian Forest , Volume 26 (New Series) Issue 1 + 2 / December 2013, pp. 9-27.
Web links
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Original position sheet 569 Passau
- ↑ Original position sheet in the BayernAtlas
- ↑ Alois Zechmann: Kräutlstein and apple cook - Remnants (pre) alpine flora in Passau. In: The Bavarian Forest. 9th year (new series) Issue 1 / June 1995 (pp. 25–26), also volume 16, information sheet Bot. Arbeits- u. Protection Association of the Bavarian Forest District, Part 33 Information sheet for the Natural History District of the Bavarian Forest e. V., founded 1975, 32nd report (1) of the Natural Science Association e. V. Passau - here p. 26.
- ^ Danube from Kachlet to Jochenstein with the Inn and Ilz estuaries , EUNIS (European Nature Information System) database of the European Environment Agency
- ^ Upper Danube and Aschach Valley , EUNIS (European Nature Information System) database of the European Environment Agency
- ↑ Ordinance of the city of Passau on natural monuments - areal natural monuments -: river and bank rocks of Inn and Danube
- ↑ BayernAtlas: aerial photo + parcel map
- ^ Passau, press archive: German-Austrian border commission meets in Passau
- ^ Freinberg: Hiking
- ^ Government bill : Treaty between the Republic of Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany on the common national border of February 29, 1972
- ↑ Surveying and documentation of the state border in Upper Austria
- ^ Elisabeth Janeschitz: Sovereign stones of the Passau Innwinkel, main stone No. 1 (PDF)
- ↑ Bavarian Surveying Administration: Calendar 2015, February: Kräutelstein (Der Bischöfliche Wolfstein)
- ↑ Flood news service Bavaria: water level Achleiten / Danube
- ↑ Flood news service Bavaria: water level Achleiten / Danube
