Itumbiara power plant
| Itumbiara power plant | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| location | ||
|
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| Coordinates | 18 ° 24 '28 " S , 49 ° 5' 54" W | |
| country |
 Brazil
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| place | State of Minas Gerais | |
| Waters | Paranaíba | |
| Height upstream | 520 m | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | Furnas Centrais Elétricas | |
| operator | Furnas Centrais Elétricas | |
| Start of planning | 1963 | |
| construction time | 1974 to 1981 | |
| Start of operation | 1980 | |
| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 2,082 megawatts | |
| Standard work capacity | approx. 9,000 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | Francis turbines : 6 × 347 MW | |
| Others | ||
The power plant Itumbiara ( Portuguese Usina Hidrelétrica (de) Itumbiara ) is a hydroelectric power plant in Brazil , which the Paranaíba to Itumbiara Reservoir (port. Represa de Itumbiara or Lago das Brisas dams). The Paranaíba forms the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás at this point . About four kilometers downstream is the town of Itumbiara .
Construction began in November 1974 and was completed in December 1981. The total cost of building the power station and the necessary transmission lines was US $ 1.0508 billion . Originally, costs of US $ 593.6 million were planned.
Barrier structure
The barrier structure consists for the most part of a dam with a maximum height of 106 m. The length of the dam crown is 7,000 m. The volume of the dam is 31.5 million m³.
In the middle of the dam is a concrete gravity dam , with the weir on the right. The flood relief consists of 6 gates with a width of 15 m and a height of 9 m. A maximum of 16,000 m³ / s can be discharged. At the foot of the left side of the dam is the machine house with a length of 223 m. The volume of the gravity dam is 1.8 million m³.
Reservoir
With a normal storage target of 520 m (max. 521.2 m at high water), the reservoir extends over an area of around 778 km² and holds 17 billion m³ of water - of which 12.454 billion m³ can be used to generate electricity. The minimum congestion destination at which the machines can still be operated is 495 m. Itumbiara reservoir usually fills up during the rainy season from November to April, and then empties during the dry season from May to October.
power plant
With an installed capacity of 2,082 MW, the Itumbiara power plant is the largest power plant operated by the electricity producer Furnas Centrais Elétricas . The average annual production fluctuates: in 2007 it was 10.8 billion kWh and in 2009 it was 7.16 billion kWh. The power plant serves to cover the base load .
A total of 6 machines with a maximum output of 347 MW each are installed. The first machine went into operation on April 27, 1980 and the last on December 16, 1981. The Francis turbines were supplied by Voith and Bardella , the associated generators by Gebsa and CGE . The generators have a nominal voltage of 13.8 kV and a nominal frequency of 60 Hz. The diameter of a rotor is 7.06 m. In the switchgear , the generator voltage is raised from 13.8 kV to 525 kV using power transformers. The switchgear is on the left side of the river.
The power plant is owned by Furnas Centrais Elétricas and is also operated by Furnas.
construction
backgrounds
From 1963 to 1965, a consortium of Canadian, US and Brazilian companies (CANAMBRA) identified several favorable locations for hydropower plants, including Itumbiara. Originally, the plans included two other dams at Tupaciguara and Annexuera in addition to the dam at Itumbiara . After Furnas had carried out further investigations, however, it was decided to raise the dam at Itumbiara, which meant that the other two dams could be dispensed with. This should quadruple the storage volume of Itumbiara compared to the CANAMBRA project and the output of the power plant should be doubled.
Construction stages
The table gives an overview of the individual construction phases and their respective completion:
| Construction phase | completion | (planned) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Main contractor on site | 11/30/1974 | 06/30/1974 |
| 2 | Diversion of the river | 09/01/1976 | 10/30/1976 |
| 3 | Traffic jam | 10/01/1979 | 11/30/1979 |
| 4.1 | Dam (right side) | 11/30/1979 | 12/30/1979 |
| 4.2 | Dam (left side) | 09/30/1979 | 12/30/1979 |
| 5 | Machine house | December 15, 1981 | 12/30/1981 |
Due to inadequate geological investigations, the scope and costs of digging the foundations of the dam prior to the start of work were subject to some uncertainties.
costs
The total cost of the project was US $ 1,050.8 million, of which 165.3 million were incurred in foreign currency and 885.5 million in the Brazilian currency of the time, Cruzeiro . Originally, the total cost of the project was estimated at $ 593.2 million. The cost of building the dam and power plant was US $ 716.3 million. The construction of several high-voltage lines cost US $ 334.5 million. In 1973 the World Bank granted Furnas a loan of US $ 125 million for the construction of the Itumbiara power station (Loan 923-BR).
Others
At the beginning of February 2014, the volume of the reservoir fell to 27% of its maximum. This means that it is still 10 m above the level required to operate the machines. The reservoir normally fills up during the rainy season from November to April and then emptied during the dry season from May to October.
In December 2012, the Itumbiara power plant caused a power outage in several Brazilian states when its machines were disconnected from the grid. At the time of the failure, the power plant was generating 1,180 MW.
Web links
- Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Minas Gerais. Power Plants Around the World, accessed October 4, 2014 .
- Itumbiara. Youtube, accessed October 6, 2014 (Portuguese).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Project Completion Report Brazil Furnas Centrais Eletricas, SA (Furnas) Itumbiara Hydroelectric Project (LOAN 923-BR). (PDF 2.6 MB p. 32) Worldbank, March 14, 1984, accessed on October 6, 2014 (English).
- ^ Project Completion Report . Worldbank, p. 7
- ↑ a b c d Itumbiara Hydroelectric Power Plant Brazil. Global Energy Observatory, accessed October 6, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d Itumbiara Hydroelectric Plant. (No longer available online.) Furnas Centrais Elétricas, archived from the original on October 8, 2014 ; accessed on October 6, 2014 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Nível do reservatório da Usina de Itumbiara é o que mais preocupa. O Popular, February 12, 2014, accessed October 6, 2014 (Portuguese).
- ↑ Generating capacity. Furnas Centrais Elétricas, accessed October 6, 2014 .
- ^ Project Completion Report . Worldbank, p. 14
- ^ Project Completion Report . Worldbank, pp. 17-18
- ^ Project Completion Report . Worldbank, pp. 37-38
- ^ Itumbiara Hydroelectric Project. Worldbank, accessed October 6, 2014 .
- ↑ Hidrelétricas de GO têm nível dos reservatórios afetados por estiagem. globo.com, February 6, 2014, accessed October 6, 2014 (Portuguese).
- ↑ Falha na usina de Itumbiara provocou apagão em 12 Estados. Estadão, December 17, 2012, accessed October 6, 2014 (Portuguese).
