Krippenbach

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Krippenbach
Napajedla
The crib stream in cribs

The crib stream in cribs

Data
Water code DE : 537116
location in the Czech Republic , Germany
River system Elbe
Drain over Elbe  → North Sea
source in Bohemian Switzerland
50 ° 48 ′ 54 ″  N , 14 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  E
Source height 446  m nm
muzzle for cribs in the Elbe coordinates: 50 ° 54 '47 "  N , 14 ° 9' 59"  E 50 ° 54 '47 "  N , 14 ° 9' 59"  E
Mouth height 117  m above sea level NN
Height difference 329 m
Bottom slope 25 ‰
length 13.4 km
Catchment area 39.85 km²
Left tributaries Krummstellenbach, Gautzschgraben, Lasengraben, Liethenbach
Right tributaries Königsbach, Schindelbaudenflüsschen, Gliedenbächel, Hertelsgrundbach, Kleingießhübler Bach, Prölitzschbach, Reinhardtsdorfer Bach

The Krippenbach ( Napajedla in Czech ) is a left tributary of the Elbe in Saxony.

Surname

The river was mentioned as dy Krippenbach as early as 1445 in today's spelling . The name is of Slavic origin and was transferred to the river from the Slavic fishing hamlet of Krippen (first mentioned in 1379) at the mouth . The interpretation of the name is not completely clear. It probably goes back to the Slavic personal name Krep (the strong, the brave).

geography

Estuary into the Elbe

The river has its source in a wooded area in Bohemian Switzerland west of the village Maxičky (Maxdorf) near Děčín at an altitude of almost 450 meters. Flowing in a northerly direction, the Krippenbach cut into the sandstone layers of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains as a narrow valley over almost the entire course . With the exception of a few mills, the narrow valley floor did not allow the construction of settlements. Only in the area between the confluence of the Liethenbach and the river confluence with the Elbe does the valley floor widen slightly. The majority of the nativity scenes are located here.

Economic use

The hydropower of the Krippenbach was used by seven mills and two hammer mills in the past centuries . As early as 1474, a moller ( miller ) was first mentioned in a document in Krippen . Starting from the source, the following mills were located on the river:

Königsmühle with cutting mill
  • Königsmühle (Bohemia): The mill was already listed as a board mill by Matthias Oeder on the maps of the First Electoral Saxon State Record (1586–1633) . As Brettsäge the mill was at least since 1577. It was built probably by members of the family of Bünau that in 1534 the rule Decin ( Decin took over). The cutting mill worked until 1872, when it was shut down and broken up in 1894. At the beginning of the 19th century, the property was expanded to include a forest keeper's house, which also served as a restaurant around 1900. After the Second World War, the owners were evicted; Today only remnants of the foundation walls of the mill can be seen.
  • Forest mill : The mill was built in 1635/36 by Chief Forester Christoph von Liebenau as a grinding and board mill.
  • Rölligmühle : The Rölligmühle was first mentioned in a document in 1561. In 1584 it came into the hands of the Bohemian exile Peter Röllig and remained in the family until 1969. The original grinding mill was expanded in 1812 with board, barley, tan and oil cutting gears. For a better connection, the then miller Christian Gottfried Röllig had the first valley road built in the Krippengrund. Since the 1870s, a bar and restaurant has also started. The old dilapidated mill buildings were largely torn down in 1904, although the restaurant and water wheel were preserved. The subsequently newly built grinding mill was in operation until 1969. Until 1991 the Rölligmühle was still used as a company holiday home.
  • Schinkemühle (cribs): The ham mill was built around 1813 as a grinding and tinder mill and later used as a wage tamper ( Gerberlohe ) and expanded by a sawmill. The plant was shut down in 1973 as the last Krippener mill.
  • Grundmühle (cribs): The mill, first mentioned in 1474, was located at the confluence of the Liethenbach in the Krippenbach. The grinding and cutting mill was converted into a sandstone sawmill around 1800 , which was in operation until the First World War . In addition to the water from the Krippenbach, the system used the water from the Liethenbach, which was channeled via an aqueduct over the valley road to the waterwheel . During the GDR era, the building served as a rest home for the Bitterfeld Chemical Combine . Today the mill is used as a hotel.
  • Mittelmühle (cribs): The Mittelmühle was the former workplace of Friedrich Gottlob Keller , who worked here as a veneer cutter in 1864.
  • Vordermühle / Hofemühle (cribs): The mill was mentioned in a document as early as 1548 and processed grain and wood from Bohemia. It was shut down in 1947.

In addition to the mills, there were also two small hammer mills working in the valley of the Krippenbach , which processed low-thickness brown iron stone deposits from the area around Kleingießhübel . Very few facts are known about the history of the Stoltzen Hammer (1379 [?] Until after 1548) and the New Hammer (before 1400 until after 1548).

In addition to the mills and hammer mills, the fish deposits of the Krippenbach were also economically important. Fishing regulations existed for the river as early as 1575. The main catches were brown trout and crabs .

Traffic development of the valley

After the expansion of the Rölligmühle (1812), the owner at the time, Christian Gottfried Röllig, had the Krippengrundstrasse built from the cribs to the mill in 1813/14 for better accessibility. The construction costs of the road, which was one of the first valley roads in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, amounted to 1,500 thalers . The new path was only 50 cm higher than the Krippenbach in sections and was therefore quickly flooded, muddy and impassable during high water. In 1884 there was therefore an expansion, which was connected with an elevation. Today the valley road is part of the state road S 169 Bad Schandau - Krippen - Cunnersdorf . It opens up the valley to the forest mill.

Flood

In the past, the valley of the Krippenbach was repeatedly hit by floods, some of which were severe. These emerged either after heavy rain in the headwaters or as a result of flooding from the Elbe in the side valley. The damage was considerable even with minor floods, as the narrow valley has no retention areas due to its topography . The construction of the Elbe Valley Railway (1848/51) exacerbated the situation, as the railway embankment forms only a few passages to the Elbe and prevents the water masses from draining quickly in the event of a flood.

In the recent past, the floods of 1897, 1958, 2002, 2006 and 2010 have been remembered as particularly devastating. On July 30, 1897, heavy rainfall turned the Krippenbach into a torrential torrent that damaged the valley road, the mill and numerous houses. A man was killed in the masses of water, and his body could only be recovered from the Elbe in Söbrigen . On September 8, 1958, heavy precipitation caused a flood in the Zschirnsteine area, which destroyed 16 bridges and footbridges in cribs. The summer floods of 2002 and 2006 put several of the houses in the lower crib grounds under water for days. On August 7, 2010, there was another flood that destroyed a bridge and left damage to the stream bed and other bridges, but due to the low flood level of the Elbe, there was no major backwater.

See also

literature

  • Alfred Meiche : Historical-topographical description of the Pirna administration. Verlag Buchdruckerei von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1927
  • Alfred Meiche: A mill book - Of mills and millers in the work area of ​​the mountain association for Saxon Switzerland. (= 5th yearbook of the mountain association for Saxon Switzerland .) Dresden 1927.
  • Council of the municipality of Krippen (ed.): 1379–1979. 600 years of nativity scenes. Self-published, Krippen 1979

Web links

Commons : Krippenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files