Kitchen garden
Kitchen garden (also potager from French jardin potager ) used to be the name for a fruit and vegetable garden to supply a stately kitchen. It was about kitchen gardens , while the pleasure gardens were used for recreation. The kitchen garden supplied the manorial cooks, confectioners and pharmacists with vegetables, fruits, herbs and medicinal plants according to the traditional horticultural knowledge of medieval monastery gardens .
France
Based on the model of the Potager du roi at the Palace of Versailles , laid out in 1678 by Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie , numerous kitchen gardens were designed in the Baroque era, as were the decorative parterres and broderies , framed with borders and fountains at the intersections of paths. La Quintinie was one of the first to succeed in producing fruit out of season, over a hundred different types of figs were already bearing fruit from mid-June, strawberries were harvested from March and lettuce in January.
England
In England this idea was taken up again in the Victorian gardens of great estates. The West Dean Gardens in Sussex are a fine example of a restored Victorian potager.
Potagers have become increasingly popular in recent years and were featured at the Royal Horticultural Society's Chelsea Flower Show , for example . Baroness Laurence de Bosmelet won a gold medal at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2007 with a potager "arc en ciel", and Bunny Guinness also won a prize in 2011 with a potager garden (M&G Garden). Marie de Curel in France ( Château de St-Jean de Beauregard , Île-de-France ) and Rosemary Verey in England (Barnsley House in Gloucestershire ) created new potagers. Potagers can also be found in the USA.
Germany
The kitchen garden in Linden was laid out in 1652 by Duke Georg Wilhelm as a pleasure and kitchen garden for the residence of the Guelph rulers of the Principality of Calenberg in Hanover's Leineschloss , which has existed since 1637 . He retained this function until the end of the Kingdom of Hanover in 1866. After that, a freight yard and residential buildings were built in its place (it was located in the area between today's streets Fössestrasse, Dieckbornstrasse and Davenstedter Strasse). Today, only the Am Küchengarten square in the Linden-Mitte district of Hanover is a reminder of its earlier use. The cabaret stage Theater am Küchengarten is located here .
The mountain garden in Herrenhausen was laid out as a kitchen garden by Duke Johann Friedrich in 1666. From 1750 the kitchen garden in Linden completely took over this task, so that the mountain garden has been a botanical garden ever since .
The kitchen garden in Gera was built in the 17th century to supply the Osterstein Castle , which was the residence of the Reuss younger line at that time . On the occasion of the Federal Horticultural Show in 2007, it was redesigned into a baroque pleasure garden.
The kitchen garden in Schwerin was the kitchen garden of the Schwerin Palace . It was one of the seven gardens at the 2009 Federal Horticultural Show .
From around 1990 the Bavarian Palace Administration restored the historic kitchen garden of Veitshöchheim Palace , which contains old fruit, vegetable and salad varieties as a “green archive”, along with spices and medicinal herbs. In addition to artichokes, aubergines and melons, you can find poppy seeds, winter purses and hyssop, as well as rare fruits such as gold parmane , spice liqueurs , champagne beetroot and yellow belle fleur . Gardener Johann Prokop Mayer (1737-1804) had here as well in the courtyard garden of the Wurzburg Residence , shape fruit trees introduced "Boiler crowns" that are better supplied with nutrients and exposed to intense sun. Species that needed warmth such as peach, quince and pear grew in various shapes on espalier fences in front of protective walls. The kitchen garden has also been restored in Würzburg: behind the orangery, old apple and pear varieties and berries are growing again, with the beds being framed by low herb and lavender hedges.
In 2012 the kitchen garden in the Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau was restored. Water basins, heat walls and greenhouses have been restored, including the pineapple house from 1834, which is heated with smoke channels. As a result of the mixed cultivation in rows , pesticides are no longer needed .
literature
- Marylyn Abbott: Gardens of Plenty: The Art of the Potager Garden. Kyle Cathie, 2011, ISBN 978-1-85626-367-2 .
- Jennifer R. Bartley: Designing the New Kitchen Garden: An American Potager Handbook. Timber Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-88192-772-6 .
- Rosalind Creasy: The Edible French Garden. Periplus, Boston 1999, ISBN 978-9625932927 .
- Wilfried Dahlke and Jonny Peter: The royal kitchen garden in Linden. District series “Lindener Geschichtsblätter”, Hanover 2004, ISSN 1614-0664 .
- Christa Hasselhorst and Ursel Borstell: Beloved kitchen gardens: A journey through the land of milk and honey . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3800178391 .
- Josy Marty-Dufaut: Le potager du Moyen Age: Créez votre jardin médiéval. Editions Autres Temps, 2006, ISBN 978-2845212374 .
- Sally Gregson: Ornamental Vegetable Gardening. Crowood Press, Ramsbury 2009, ISBN 978-1-84797-117-3 .
- Louisa Jones: The Art of French Vegetable Gardening. Workman, 1995, ISBN 978-1-885183-09-5 .
- Joy Larkcom: Creative Vegetable Gardening. Mitchell Beazley, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84533-390-4 (practical tips and cooking recipes).
Web links
- Kitchen garden network
- History of the kitchen garden in Hannover-Linden
- Julia Ricker: Strawberries in March. The rebirth of historical kitchen gardens. In: Monuments Online 5.2013
Individual evidence
- ^ Sally Gregson: Ornamental Vegetable Gardening. Crowood Press, Ramsbury 2009, pp. 65 f.
- ^ Potager Arc en Ciel de Bosmelet; a garden in the north of France
- ^ Potager at Chelsea Flower Show 2011
- ^ Rosalind Creasy, The Edible French Garden. Boston, Periplus 1999, 14