Kitchen garden (Linden)
The kitchen garden is now a place in Hanover in Lower Saxony . The area of the square used to be a kitchen garden (fruit and vegetable garden), which was laid out in the middle of the 17th century by the noble family of the Welfen in the village of Linden . From 1814 the garden was used by the Hanoverian kings . The garden was about eight hectares in size, was located in what is now the Linden-Mitte district between Fosse, Dieckborn and Davenstedter Strasse and has been built over since it was closed in 1866. The stone entrance portal and the baroque belvedere of the kitchen garden pavilion, which were moved to the Lindener Berg , have been preserved from structural remains . In the northern area of the former kitchen garden, the Am Kitchen Garden square is reminiscent of the former garden.
history
In 1645, during the reign of Duke Christian Ludwig , the ducal house acquired a 30- acre piece of land in the village of Linden for the keeping of the residence of the Guelph rulers of the Principality of Calenberg in Hanover's Leineschloss, which had existed since 1637 . Decisive for the choice of location was a spring called Dieckborn, which fell dry in the 1830s. In 1652, Duke Georg Wilhelm laid out a kitchen garden on the site, which supplied the ducal household with fruit and vegetables through fruit trees and greenhouses . Ponds were created to supply fish. In 1679 there was a trout , a carp and a pike pond .
Around 1740 the kitchen garden was redesigned, expanded and bordered with a brick wall . An entrance portal was built in the area of today's Gartenallee. The gardens were no longer just a kitchen garden , but also became an ornamental garden . The garden got an axial character and decorative elements, such as arcades and wooden arbors, which invited the nobility to stroll and to stay .
In the course of the redesign, the kitchen garden pavilion was built as a belvedere on the north side of the garden by Johann Paul Heumann between 1740 and 1750 , on which the main axis of the garden was aligned. It was built in the Baroque style as a two-storey, domed building made of hewn sandstone with two low side buildings and roof terraces above.
Another kitchen garden was the mountain garden in Herrenhausen, laid out by Duke Johann Friedrich in 1666 . From 1790 the kitchen garden in Linden completely took over this task, so that the mountain garden has been a botanical garden ever since . At that time, the kitchen garden had an almost square shape and was divided into individual fields with a water basin in the central area. In the 1820s, Franz Christian Schaumburg worked as a garden master in the kitchen garden.
After the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia in 1866 , the kitchen garden was dissolved because the royal house no longer existed.
Kitchen garden pavilion and entrance portal
After the kitchen garden was dissolved in 1866, the kitchen garden pavilion was incorporated into the emerging residential buildings and the kitchen garden freight yard, established in 1872. There it served at the beginning of the 20th century as an equipment store and as weather protection for railway workers. To a demolition forestall that was pavilion at the initiative of citizens of Linden 1911-1913 removed and the Lindener Bergfriedhof translocated . From 1925 it was used as a memorial for the residents of Linden who died in the First World War . In the post-war period it served as an emergency apartment, from the 1970s to the 1990s it was an artist's studio, and since a restoration in 2002, an association has been using it as an exhibition space on the history of Linden.
The entrance portal of the kitchen garden, which was built around 1740 and stood in the area of today's Gartenallee, was moved to the Lindener Bergfriedhof in 1937 and serves as the main entrance there.
Küchengarten station
In the northern area of the former garden area, the kitchen garden freight station was built as a sack station from 1872 , which was connected to the Linden station of the Hanover-Altenbekener Railway via a branch line . The train was mainly used to supply the Lindener industrial plants and gasworks with the Preussag -Bergwerk Barsinghausen subsidized coal of Deister . The area around the train station became the focus of industrial settlement. Among them were numerous smaller companies at the end of the 19th century, some of which gained a certain importance. These included the Lindener Samtspinnerei, the Hannoversche cotton spinning mill and the mechanical weaving mill , the Lindener Aktien-Brauerei , two rubber factories and Deutsche Asphalt as well as a corset factory and the Werner & Ehlers bed spring factory , on whose premises the FAUST cultural center now exists.
In 1930 the line to Linden station was closed and the kitchen garden station was connected via the Linden port railway, which in turn connected to the freight bypass railway .
From 1962 the Linden thermal power station was supplied with hard coal via the freight yard. The coal was transported from the unloading station to the power plant via an underground conveyor belt . Until the complete conversion to gas firing in 1990, the power station was the last user of the freight yard. The siding and the coal unloading station are closed , but still exist.
Development
From the end of the 19th century, houses were built on the former garden area in the southern area. The development began in 1889 with the residential area around Lichtenbergplatz and was continued to the north in the direction of Rampenstrasse around 1910. The green square Am Kitchen Garden was built there at the beginning of the 20th century .
At the kitchen garden
Today's Am Küchengarten square is a square-like extension of the historic road from the village of Linden to Limmer . The square was set up in 1912 and named after the kitchen garden that was previously located here. In 1927 a municipal bathhouse was built on the square because many working-class families did not have their own bathroom. After its closure in 1983, the Theater am Küchengarten (TAK) moved there in 1987 . In the post-war period , the square was converted into a traffic roundabout with trams and railroad trains running over the middle. At the beginning of the 1970s, the square was again available to pedestrians when the Ihme-Zentrum was built opposite as a shopping, residential and office center. A pedestrian crossing led from there to the square, which was demolished in 2008. Between 2005 and 2010, the square and the neighboring green belt on Rampenstrasse were redesigned to upgrade the district.
literature
- Eva Benz-Rababah : Kitchen garden In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 374.
- Helmut Knocke : Kitchen Garden Pavilion In: Stadtlexikon Hannover, p. 374.
- Torsten Bachmann: Linden - Forays through history , Erfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-95400-112-5 .
Web links
- History of the kitchen garden and the Am Küchengarten square
- History of the kitchen garden and the kitchen garden pavilion
- Development plan 554 Ihmezentrum from 1970 (PDF, 12 MB) showing the development and traffic situation at the kitchen garden around 1970
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 13.9 " N , 9 ° 42 ′ 50.3" E