Kyjanice

Kyjanice (German Kianitz ) is a deserted area in the municipality of Kozlov in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers northwest of Lipník nad Bečvou .

geography

Kyjanice was at 450 meters above sea level. in the valley of the Kyjanka in the Oder Mountains . The settlement was in the middle of the woods on the road from Velký Újezd to Potštát . To the north rise the Růžový kopec (653 m) and Kyjanický kopec (579 m), in the northeast the Nad Ranošovem (550 m), to the east the Obírka (622 m) and the Slavkovský vrch ( Milchhübel , 636 m), in the southeast the Lomec (583 m), south of the Žalov ( Muderberg , 487 m) and in the north-west of the Holý Kopec (600 m).

The surrounding villages were Eliščiná in the north, Kozlov and Ranošov in the northeast, Slavkov in the east, Loučka and Bohuslávky in the southeast, Dolní Újezd , Zavadilka, Staměřice and Vrchní Pila in the south, Velký Újezd in the southwest and Varhošť in the northwest.

history

The desert village of Kyjanka was first mentioned in writing in 1548, when Erasmus von Bobolusk auf Veselíčko acquired the Horní Újezd market and several villages in the northwestern part of the Helfenstein reign from Johann von Pernstein auf Helfenstein . The village probably went extinct during one of the troubled 15th century wars. Further forms of the name were Kylianka (until 1569) and Kojanka (from 1557). In 1573 the rule Veselíčko was inherited by the Podstatzky von Prusinowitz .

The first news about the Kyjanický mill comes from 1741. It remained subject to the Veselíčko rule and the Podstatzky-Liechtenstein counts until the middle of the 19th century.

The Kyjanice single layer belonging to Velký Újezd ​​has been documented since 1881 , and in 1884 it became part of the newly formed Koslau municipality . In 1892 Otto Losert founded a steam saw in Kyjanice. From 1893 the place was called Kyanitza and from 1918 Kianitz / Kyjanice . Around the flourishing steam sawmill, which had 200 employees in 1920, and the water mill, a small settlement with an inn was formed. After the Munich Agreement , Kianitz was added to the German Reich as part of Kozlau in 1938 and until 1945 belonged to the Bärn district and the judicial district of the city ​​of Liebau .

After the Gestapo received information that Zákřov was a center of the partisan movement, Gestapo men Ernst Geppert and Josef Hykade were smuggled into Zákřov as false partisans via the 574 Cossack Battalion. In the evening hours of April 18, 1945, 350 Cossacks from the Vlasov Army and Gestapo people Geppert and Hykade carried out the retaliatory action Zákřov. The 18-year-old Tršice Jew Otto Wolf was discovered in his hiding place in Zákřov, his diary about the family's three-year escape was preserved and was continued by his sister Felicitas. The next morning all arrested men over 50 years of age were released and the 23 younger ones were driven in rows of three to Velký Újezd, where they were initially locked in a former stable in the courtyard of the town hall. Four men were released after two days of interrogation and severe torture by the Cossacks. The remaining 19, most of them from Zákřov, were thrown onto a truck in the early evening of April 20 and from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to the Sudetenland to a wooden hut on the Muderberg above Kianitz, which was built by Alfred Semsky from Petersdorf including the Wood was made available. Pastor Schuster from Schlock was also brought there to bless the hut as a grave. At the sight of the severely injured torture victims, the clergyman collapsed and refused to give the sacraments . The Gestapo and Cossacks first poured tar into the building and then filled the building with wood. Then they brought prisoners in one by one, and according to Hykade's statement Geppert, alternating with the Cossack Čorny, shot everyone in the neck. The last of the victims was the 18-year-old Olomouc Jew Otto Wolf, who accidentally fell into the hands of the Gestapo during the action against the partisans in his hiding place in Zákřov and whose diary was preserved after his escape. They then set the hut on fire with gasoline. Acrid smoke hung over the forest and the valley of the Říka for days. The remains of the murdered were then buried by residents of Kozlau.

After the end of the Second World War , Kyjanice came back to Czechoslovakia . On May 12, 1945, an investigation into the fate of the men from Zákřov began. The Germans from Kozlov, who buried the victims of the massacre, had to dig up the cremated remains. When examining the dead, it was found that most of the men were burned alive and that all of the victims had broken both thighs. These were then solemnly buried on May 14, 1945 in a mass grave in the Tršice cemetery.

In the course of the establishment of the Libavá military training area , the sawmill and the settlement were given up after 1947. On October 31, 1949, the Zákřovský Žalov memorial created by the sculptor Vladimír Navrátil and the architect Lubomír Šlapeta was unveiled on the site of the Kianitz massacre. Kyjanice has been part of the Kozlov municipality since 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Místopisný rejstřík obcí českého Slezska a severní Moravy (p. 294) ( Memento of the original of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 2.1 MB) 

Web links

• Entry on zanikleobce.cz
• Description of the massacre ( memento from November 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
• Otto Wolf's diary

Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '  N , 17 ° 31'  E