Kyllenic Adonis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kyllenic Adonis
Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Adonideae
Genre : Adonis ( Adonis )
Type : Kyllenic Adonis
Scientific name
Adonis cyllenea
Boiss. , Hero. & Orph.

The Kyllenische Adonisröschen ( Adonis cyllenea ) is a species of the genus Adonisröschen ( Adonis ) within the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). She is endemic to Greece .

description

Adonis cyllenea grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 25 to 60 (to 80) centimeters. The whole plant smells slightly of nettle or elderberry. The strong, sparsely branched rhizome has long, thick fiber roots. The single or few standing, upright stem is weakly branched or unbranched, each branch ends in a terminal large flower. The leaves are loosely pubescent to almost bare. The one to three basal leaves are stalked up to 40 centimeters long and long, the stalk is expanded at the base to form a leaf sheath. Your leaf blade is 5 to 15 centimeters long and usually shorter than the petiole, it is multiple pinnate with triangular-ovoid outline. The very numerous and densely arranged end sections are usually 3 to 4 millimeters long and 1 to 1.5 millimeters wide, lanceolate and pointed to pointed. The few to several stem leaves are similar to the basal leaves, but with short stalk and decreasing in size towards the top, the uppermost are opposite or whorled and are directly below the flower.

The hermaphroditic flower is up to 7.5 centimeters in diameter and has radial symmetry with two different flower envelope circles . The five light yellowish green, semi-translucent, bald or sparsely pubescent sepals are lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, rarely two to three lobes, more or less pointed and almost as long as the petals. The eight to eleven (up to fifteen) bright lemon-yellow petals are 20 to 35 millimeters long and 8 to 10 millimeters wide, obovate with a blunt or short-pointed upper end. There are many stamens present; the stamens are about 5 millimeters long, the broad, linear, yellow anthers about 4 millimeters. 20 to 40 nut fruits are grouped together in a spherical collective fruit with a diameter of 16 to 24 millimeters. The ripe brownish-green, 5 to 6 millimeters long and 4 to 5 millimeters wide body of the nut is obliquely egg-shaped-rhombic, barely compressed, with a loose vein network and sparsely short-fluffy, the thin beak is about 4 millimeters long and barbed-shaped.

The flowering time takes place soon after the snow melts from the end of April to the beginning of June, the fruit time in June. After July, the above-ground parts die off.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

The Kyllenische Adonisröschen is endemic to the northern Peloponnese in Greece . It is known from the Killini , Oligyrtos , Trachy and Saitas mountain ranges . It colonizes moist, nutrient-rich locations in sinkholes, ravines and on wet meadows in forest clearings at altitudes of 1000 to 1850 meters.

More than 100,000 individual plants of the Kyllene Adonisröschen were found on Saitas Mountain at altitudes of 1400 to 1800 meters; this area is home to the largest known population of Adonis cyllenea .

natural reserve

After its rediscovery in the 1980s and 1990s, the Kyllenian Adonis was classified as "Vulnerable" and downgraded to "Near Threatened" in 2009 after the discovery of other growing species. The most important source of danger is grazing by goats, especially the consumption of the flowers, which significantly hinders the generative reproduction of the plants. The Kyllenische Adonisröschen was taken into conservation culture in some botanical gardens. Like other endangered European plant species, the Kyllenische Adonisröschen is particularly protected in Germany by the Federal Species Protection Ordinance .

Systematics and history of discovery

The first description of Adonis cyllenea was made in 1856 by Pierre Edmond Boissier , Theodor von Heldreich and Theodoros Georgios Orphanides . The specific epithet cyllenea refers to the mountain Kyllene . Synonyms for Adonis cyllenea Boiss., Heldr. & Orph. are Adonis pyrenaicus var. cylleneus (Boiss., Heldr. & Orph.) Huth , Chrysocyathus cylleneus (Boiss., Heldr. & Orph.) Chrtek & Slavíková and Adonanthe cyllenea (Boiss., Heldr. & Orph.) Sennikov . Adonis cyllenea is within the genus Adonis in the section Consiligo (DC.) Peterm. and the Rosulatae Poschkurl subsection. (Syn .: Subsect. Pyrenaicae Tamura ) posed.

On the basis of an evidence of a plant with unripe fruits collected by Petr Aleksandrovich Tchichatscheff in 1858 in the southern Pontic Mountains (ancient name: Paryadres) , Boissier described Adonis cyllenea var. Paryadrica Boiss in 1867 . which differs from the Greek plants by a more densely leafed stem and more densely hairy fruits with a curled beak. This taxon is only known from this collection and could not be found in a search in 1997.

The Kyllenische Adonisröschen was discovered in 1848 by Theodor von Heldreich . Theodoros Georgios Orphanides made further collections in 1851 and 1854. For the time being, it was last found in 1892 by the Austrian botanists Eugen von Halácsy and Karl Grimus von Grimburg . Although there were several unpublished finds by Greek botanists in the years from 1932 to 1977, the Kyllenian Adonis was considered extinct at times. In the 1990s, other growing locations were discovered.

Usage in the past

The underground plant parts were used by the rural population to treat diseases of cattle .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Hans Runemark: Adonis. In: Arne Strid, Kit Tan (ed.): Flora Hellenica. Volume Two (Nymphaeaceae to Platanaceae) . ARG Gantner, Ruggell 2002, ISBN 3-904144-92-8 , p. 33-38 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Arne Strid: Adonis cyllenea (Ranunculaceae) and Helichrysum taenari (Asteraceae) rediscovered in Peloponnisos. In: Annales Musei Goulandris. Volume 7, pp. 221-231.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kit Tan, Gregoris Iatroú, Bent Johnsen: Endemic Plants of Greece. The Peloponnese. Gads Forlag, Copenhagen 2001, ISBN 87-12-03857-1 , Adonis cyllenea, pp. 127-129.
  4. ↑ a b c Arne Strid: Adonis. In: Arne Strid (Ed.): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume One . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 1986, ISBN 0-521-25737-9 , pp. 209 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ a b c d e Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis, Theophanis Konstantinidis: Adonis cyllenea. In: Dimitrios Phitos, Theophanis Constantinidis, Georgia Kamari (eds.): The Red Data Book Of Rare And Threatened Plants Of Greece. Volume One AD, Hellenic Botanical Society, Patras 2009, ISBN 978-960-9407-09-0 , pp. 43-45 ( PDF file ; Greek).
  6. ^ Anonymus: IUCN Threatened Plants Committee Secretariat: The rare, threatened and endemic plants of Greece. In: Annales Musei Goulandris. Volume 5, 1982, pp. 69-105 (here: p. 103).
  7. ^ Arne Strid: Adonis cyllenea . In: Dimitrios Phitos, Arne Strid, Sven Snogerup, Werner Greuter (eds.): The Red Data Book of rare and threatened plants of Greece . WWF, Athens 1995, ISBN 960-7506-04-9 , pp. 6-7 .
  8. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): WISIA online. Adonis cyllenea .
  9. ^ Pierre-Edmond Boissier: Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum, Series Secunda. No. 5, B. Herrmann, Leipzig 1856, p. 5 (online).
  10. ↑ Entry in The Plant List , last accessed on February 22, 2015.
  11. ↑ Michio Tamura: Adonis. In: Paul Hiepko (Ed.): The natural plant families together with their genera and more important species, especially useful plants (founded by Adolf Engler, Karl Prantl). Volume 17a, part 4: Angiospermae: order Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae . 2nd greatly increased and improved edition. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-428-07980-9 , p. 318.
  12. ↑ Matthias H. Hoffmann: Ecogeographical differentiation patterns sect in Adonis. Consiligo (Ranunculaceae). In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 211, No. 1-2, pp. 43-56, DOI: 10.1007 / BF00984911 .
  13. ↑ Petr de Tchihatcheff: Asie Mineure. Description physique, statistique et archéologique de cette contrée. Troisième partie, Botanique. Volume 1, Gide, Paris 1860, p. 373 ( online )
  14. ^ Edmond Boissier: Flora Orientalis . tape 1 (Thalamiflorae) . H. Georg, Basel / Genève 1867, p. 16 ( online ).
  15. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts: Extinct seed plants of Turkey, with special reference to Adonis sect. Consiligo. In: Karaca Arboretum Magazine. Volume 4, No. 4, 1998, pp. 163-166.
  16. ^ Ignaz Dörfler: Botaniker-Adressbuch. Collection of names and addresses of the living botanists of all countries, of the botanical gardens and of the publications caring for botany. Self-published, Vienna 1902, p. 153 ( PDF file ).
  17. ↑ Theodor von Heldreich: The useful plants of Greece: with special consideration of the modern Greek and Pelasgic Vulgar names. K. Wilberg, Athens 1862, p. 45 ( online ).

Web links