Spoonweeds

Spoonweeds
	Common spoonbill ( Cochlearia officinalis ), illustration
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family :	Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe :	Cochlearieae
Genre :	Spoonweeds
Scientific name of the tribe
	Cochlearieae
	Buchenau
Scientific name of the genus
	Cochlearia
	L.

The spoonweeds ( Cochlearia ) are the only genus of the tribe Cochlearieae from the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). They also occur in Central Europe.

features

The spoonbills are annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plants . They grow upright or almost upright and are not very branchy. The plants are bare or only scattered with simple hairs. The leaves are often fleshy, simple and entire or toothed.

The inflorescence is an ear , usually umbrella-shaped. It consists of a few to many flowers and has no bracts . The flowers are small, mostly white, more rarely yellow or purple. The flower stalk is ascending or protruding, filamentous, often elongated when the fruit is ripe. The sepals are protruding and not sack-shaped at the base. The petals are obovate-oblong and nailed short . There are six stamens . The lateral nectar glands are paired, short and slightly triangular. A middle gland is missing. The ovary is ovate to spherical and contains few to many ovules . The pen is short and wears a kopfige scar . The pods are egg-shaped, spherical or ellipsoidal, somewhat puffed up and open to maturity. The valves have a distinct midrib and a reticulate vein, they are not winged. The seeds are in two rows. They are small, elongated, slightly compressed, and brown.

Danish spoonweed ( Cochlearia danica )

Pyrenean spoonweed ( Cochlearia pyrenaica )

Distribution and systematics

The spoonweeds are found in most of the northern hemisphere. There are around 25 species, depending on whether the genus Ionopsidium is separated from Cochlearia or not.

The species found in Central Europe are:

English spoonbill ( Cochlearia anglica L. )
Bavarian spoonweed ( Cochlearia bavarica Vogt ), endemic to Bavaria
Danish spoonweed ( Cochlearia danica L. )
Alpine spoonweed ( Cochlearia excelsa Zahlbr. Ex Fritsch ), endemic to Austria. But it is also used as a subspecies. excelsa (Zahlbr. ex Fritsch) O.Schwarz to Cochlearia pyrenaica DC. posed.
Thick-root spoonwort ( Cochlearia macrorrhiza (Schur) Pobedimova ), endemic to Austria
True spoonbill ( Cochlearia officinalis L. ): With several subspecies.
Cochlearia polonica A. Frohl. , Endemic to southern Poland
Pyrenean spoonweed ( Cochlearia pyrenaica DC. )
Cochlearia tatrae Borbás , endemic to the High Tatras

Other types are:

Cochlearia aestuaria (Lloyd) Heywood , endemic to the Atlantic coast of Spain and France.
Cochlearia aragonensis Coste & Soulié : Endemic to the mountains of northeast Spain in two subspecies.
Cochlearia borzaeana (Coman & Nyaudy) Pobed. , Endemic to the Eastern Carpathians
Cochlearia fenestrata R. Br. , Occurs in the Arctic
Cochlearia glastifolia L .; Home was originally Spain, but is also introduced in Portugal, France and Italy.
Cochlearia groenlandica L. (Syn .: Cochlearia oblongifolia DC .; Incl. Cochlearia arctica Schlecht. ): It occurs circumpolar in the Arctic; in Europe especially in Iceland and on Spitzbergen.
Cochlearia megalosperma (Maire) Vogt , occurs in the mountains of southern Spain.
Cochlearia micacea E.S. Marshall : endemic to northern Great Britain.
Cochlearia scotica Druce : Endemic to northwestern and western Great Britain. But it is also known as a subspecies. scotica (Druce) Wyse Jackson to Cochlearia officinalis L. asked.
Cochlearia tridactylites Banks ex DC. : It occurs in arctic North America.

Some authors no longer consider this genre:

Cochlearia acaulis Desf. => Ionopsidium acaule ( (Desf.) Rchb. ); endemic to Portugal

The name Cochlearia is derived from the Latin word for spoon, cochlear , and refers to the basal leaves of the common spoonwort . The German name also refers to it.

supporting documents

Cochlearia in the Flora of Pakistan , accessed July 10, 2009.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN); Retrieved November 22, 2013

Individual evidence

↑ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
^ ^A ^b Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c M. Koch, C. Dobeš, KG Bernhardt, J. Kochjarová: Cochlearia macrorrhiza (Brassicaceae): A bridging species between Cochlearia taxa from the Eastern Alps and the Carpathians? Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2003, Volume 242, pp. 137-147. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0048-4
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 11 Cruciferae (Ricotia to Raphanus). Pages 113-122, Helsinki 1996. ISBN 951-9108-11-4

Web links

Commons : cochlearia ( Cochlearia ) - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6

[Fischer-2] A ^b Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

[Koch2003-3] M. Koch, C. Dobeš, KG Bernhardt, J. Kochjarová: Cochlearia macrorrhiza (Brassicaceae): A bridging species between Cochlearia taxa from the Eastern Alps and the Carpathians? Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2003, Volume 242, pp. 137-147. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0048-4

[Jalas-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 11 Cruciferae (Ricotia to Raphanus). Pages 113-122, Helsinki 1996. ISBN 951-9108-11-4