Ergin
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| Surname | Ergin | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 16 H 17 N 3 O | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Molar mass | 267.33 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
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firmly |
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242 ° C (decomposition) |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Ergin , also D- lysergic acid amide ( LSA ), is a substance from the group of ergot alkaloids related to LSD . LSA can serve as a raw material for the synthesis of LSD . Ergin shows a psychedelic effect similar to LSD in humans .
Natural occurrence
In contrast to LSD, ergin also occurs in nature, as in some of the approximately 2,000 bindweed plants , including the seeds of Rivea corymbosa and morning glory ( Ipomoea ), although the concentration varies. The species Ipomoea tricolor (or Ipomoea violacea ) has a significant concentration. However, the strongest naturally occurring concentration of LSA is found in the seeds of Hawaiian woodrose ( Argyreia nervosa ), where a content of 3 mg of ergolines per g of seeds, sometimes even 0.5-0.9%, is stated. As with most natural drugs, the content of the substances fluctuates depending on the region and variety.
history
There is a long ritual tradition in the South and Central American regions of the South and Central America of the continent. LSA was first produced in the laboratory during Albert Hofmann's studies with ergot alkaloids in 1938. Hofmann also carried out self-tests with LSA. At the same time, Hofmann was not yet aware that plants containing mineral content had traditional uses for centuries. In the course of Hofmann's later studies on South and Central American natural drugs - he also became aware of the ritual drink Ololiuqui . In traditional ritual contexts, the ololiuqui is used by healing priests as a religious and magical means to establish contact with the gods, to advise or diagnose diseases. After he found out that ololiuqui consisted of the seeds of funnel-shaped plants, he set out to analyze the substances it contained. Finally, he succeeded in obtaining LSA from the seeds of the plant and now rediscovering the synthesis it had previously carried out in the laboratory in nature. Hofmann's discovery was initially questioned and attributed to unclean work in his laboratory. Only when the proof was also successful in other laboratories were the last doubts dispelled. Alexander Shulgin , however, comes to the conclusion that tests with the pure substance, as carried out by Hofmann, showed that LSA cannot be the main active ingredient of the natural substances that have been used for centuries.
effect
Effect of rich plants
Ergin has a psychedelic and pseudo-hallucinogenic effect. Usually, the effect and side effect of ergine is understood to mean the effect of the different LSA-containing natural plants. It is controversial whether the LSA is responsible for the main effect of the plants. Albert Hofmann, who consumed LSA in its pure form as well as in plant form, described the effect:
After discovering the psychological effects of LSD, I also tested lysergic acid amide in a self-experiment and found that it also produced a dream-like state - albeit only in a dose about ten to twenty times higher than LSD. This was characterized by a feeling of spiritual emptiness and the unreality and senselessness of the external world, by increased sensitivity of the hearing and a not unpleasant physical fatigue, which finally led to sleep. ... Furthermore, the psychological effects of ololiuqui are different from those of LSD, since the euphoric and hallucinogenic components are less pronounced and mostly feelings of mental emptiness, often of fear and depression, predominate. The sluggish and tired effect is also undesirable with an intoxicant.
Plants containing yield, like isolated LSA, are therefore far less potent than LSD. Nevertheless, with a corresponding overdose, it can also lead to complete isolation from reality. The noise extends visually far less potent than LSD and generally more on a spiritual and intellectual level. Compared to LSD, however, LSA is said to cause more pronounced auditory hallucinations. CEV ( closed eye visuals ), i.e. visual appearances with closed eyes, are often given. The sense of time is impaired, so that everything seems slower to the intoxicated person. Another characteristic of LSA trips is that thoughts appear suddenly and in a variety of ways. Thoughts are often perceived as very clear and orderly, but a confused state can also prevail. The course of the intoxication depends heavily on the set and setting .
The effects set in about 30 minutes to two hours after consumption and usually last for 4–8 hours. If the seeds are not comminuted, the effects may only occur hours later (risk of overdosing) or not at all.
Side effects
While some of the side effects are attributed to other substances in the seeds, it is not clear to what extent Ergin itself can cause undesirable effects in higher doses. Apart from "a not unpleasant physical fatigue" and an increased hearing sensitivity, Hofmann does not describe any physical effects of ergine in its pure form. However, other physical effects did occur with the products made with plants. Pregnant women are not allowed to consume ergin due to possible uterine contractions. Ergin is also dangerous for people with liver dysfunction.
The most common side effect of consuming botanicals containing nutrients is nausea, which can occur a few minutes to several hours after ingestion. Depending on the material consumed, the form of consumption (from chewing and eating the whole seeds to cold water extracts with straining the brew), the amount consumed and the individual predisposition, nausea or vomiting occurs less frequently and severely.
Even small doses can lead to circulatory problems and associated blackouts. This can increase the risk of falls. A sting in the legs is also often reported at higher doses. The body sometimes feels sluggish when intoxicated, especially at the beginning a feeling of fatigue can prevail. The sensation of pain can be greatly reduced. It can also lead to constipation.
There are reports that these side effects can be prevented by extracting the LSA from the plant parts and adding peppermint oil to it before consumption . So there should be no nausea or body load .
If the environment is too restless or in a corresponding setting, paranoia or horror trips can develop , especially with high doses, as under the influence of other psychotropic substances . As with all hallucinogenic substances, there is also the risk of activating latent psychoses or the possibility of drug psychosis , also known as "getting stuck".
literature
- Albert Hofmann : LSD - my problem child. The discovery of a “miracle drug” . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1979; 2. A. ibid. 2001, ISBN 3-608-94300-5
- Christian Rätsch : Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants. Botany, Ethnopharmacology and Applications. AT Verlag, 7th edition 2004. ISBN 978-3-85502-570-1
- Bert Marco Schuldes: Psychoactive Plants. Synergia / syntropia; 2nd edition, 1993. ISBN 978-3-925817-64-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ The Merck Index . An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals . 14th edition, 2006, pp. 976-977, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ↑ Information about the bot. Ipomea tricolor / Violacea plant
- ↑ W. Blaschek, R. Hansel, K. Keller J. Reichling, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (ed.): Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical practice sequel three drug L-Z . 5th edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-63726-1 , pp. 160–161 (Unchanged reprint of the first edition from 1998).
- ^ Roger Liggenstorfer, Mathias Broeckers: Albert Hofmann and the discovery of LSD. ISBN 3037882417 .
- ↑ G. Langer, H. Heimann: Psychopharmaka. ISBN 3211817468 p. 25.
- ↑ Albert Hofmann: Teonanacatl and Ololiuqui, two ancient magic drugs of Mexico . in: Bulletin on Narcotics Issue 1, 1971; 3-14.
- ↑ Alexander Shulgin , Ann Shulgin: TIHKAL, the Continuation . Section 26, LSD . Transform Press, Berkeley 1997, ISBN 0-9630096-9-9 .
- ^ A b Andreas Alberts, Peter Mullen: Psychoactive plants, mushrooms and animals. ISBN 3440126773 p. 128.
- ^ A b Albert Hofmann : LSD - my problem child. The discovery of a “miracle drug” . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1979; 2. A. ibid. 2001, ISBN 3-608-94300-5 .
- ↑ DMT-Nexus Wiki contributors: Kash's Advanced LSA Extraction. In: DMT-Nexus Wiki. DMT-Nexus Wiki, July 28, 2018, accessed on July 20, 2019 .
