LEADER (engine)

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The LEADER engine is a generation of engines from Piaggio . Leader engines were built between 1999 and around 2010.

prehistory

Two - wheelers were traditionally equipped with two-stroke engines, which were easier to build, easier to maintain and more powerful than four-stroke engines , which only showed advantages in terms of consumption and emissions . The environmental awareness that began in the 1970s took hold of the automotive industry in the 1980s and later also of the two-wheeler industry, which was met with ever stricter emissions standards , which led to the use of four-stroke engines. In the mid-1990s , Piaggio introduced air-cooled four-stroke engines in the Piaggio Sfera, Piaggio Vespa ET4 and the Piaggio Hexagon , before the LEADER engine was used from 2000, whereby these engines were on a par with the standard two-stroke engines.

technology

The LEADER engine (LEAD.ER, L ow E mission AD vanced E ngine R ange) was introduced in 1999 as an air-cooled 2-valve four-stroke engine and as a water-cooled 4-valve four-stroke engine with displacements between 125 cm³ and 180 cm³ the engine range was later expanded to 250 cm³. Air-cooled motors are commonly referred to as AC (air cooled) and water-cooled motors with LC (liquid cooled). The LEADER engine initially complied with the Euro 2 standard and was used in many vehicles from the Piaggio Group, which is also what it has in its acronym : it has low emissions and is versatile. In 2007 the Leader engine was fitted with an uncontrolled catalytic converter in order to meet the Euro 3 standard. The LEADER engine was replaced by the QUASAR engine in large displacements from 2005 and by the LEM engine type for air-cooled engines in 2012 . Only a few vehicles are currently being fitted with it.

Technical specifications

  Technical data  a
125 150 200 125 180 200 250
construction time 2000-2010 2000-2010 since 2000 2000-2005 2003-2005 2003-2004
cooling air cooled water-cooled
Mixture formation Carburetor, injection Carburetor (Walbro, Mikuni or Keihin)
Displacement 124 cc 151 cc 198 cc 124 cc 182 cc 189 cc 244 cc
Valves 2 ( SOHC ) 4 ( SOHC )
Bore × stroke (mm) 57.0 x 48.6 62.8 x 48.6 72.0 x 48.6 57.0 x 48.6 69.0 x 48.6 72.0 x 48.6 72.0 x 60.0
Compression ratio 10.5: 1 9.5: 1 11.5-13: 1 11.5-12.5: 1
Carburetor type Walbro WVF-7C 0 29mm,
Keihin CVK N 305F 30mm 		Walbro WVF-7D 0 29mm Keihin CVK 301F
Walbro WFV-7P
Keihin HD 98 or 108, ND 38 HD 92, ND 38
Speed ​​limiter 1./2. 10700/11000 9900/10100 9900/10100
spark plug Champion RG 4 HC, NGK CR 8 EB Champion RG 6 YC
Pre-ignition 10 ° @ 2000 - 34 ° @ 6000
10 ° @ 2000 - 29 ° @ 6750 - 34 ° @ 9000 		10 ° @ 2000 - 32 ° @ 6000
10 ° @ 2000 - 30 °> 4000 - 35 °> 7000 		10 ° @ 2000 - 32 ° @ 6500
Max. Power
(PS)
at 1 / min 		7.9 kW
(10.7 hp)
8250 		8.6 kW
(11.7 hp)
8000 		9.1 kW
(12.5 hp)
6750 		10.9 kW
(15 hp)
9000-10,000 		14.0 kW
(19 hp)
9000 		14.7 kW
(20 hp)
8500 		16.2 kW
(22 hp)
8250
Max. Torque
at 1 / min 		9.6 Nm
6500 		11.8 Nm
6250 		14.5 Nm
 12 Nm
8000-8500 		17 Nm
7000-7500 		17.5 Nm
6500-7000 		20.2 Nm
6500
Motor oil in liters 1.0 1.0 (synth., 5W-40, API SL, ACEA A3, JASO MA)
transmission stepless V-belt automatic with torque support and centrifugal clutch. Gear reduction gear.
Roll format u. -Weight 19 × 17 - 8.7g 19 × 17 - 10.2g 19 × 17 - 7.3g 20.6 × 17 - 10.7g 20.6 × 17 - 10.7g 20.6 × 17
Color of the vario rolls yellow red blue blue
Dimensions of the vario strap 814 x 22.5 mm 814 x 22.5 mm 826 x 20.5 mm 826 x 20.5 mm
Translation from - to 1: 29.26-1: 8.78 1: 29.26-1: 8.78
Spread of the CVT 3.34 3.34 3.09 2.95 2.82
Weight in kg 30th 33 35 35 36

  a The values ​​are taken from the manuals and the Piaggio website

vehicles

Air-cooled

Water-cooled

variants

All engine variants have a piston stroke of 48.6mm, which means that many components can be made the same or very similar. The variation takes place exclusively via the cylinder bore . The exhaust system and thus the exhaust gas behavior have been improved several times. The last engine generation achieved the Euro 3 emissions standard . There are versions with a rear drum or disc brake, air and water cooling have already been mentioned. In addition, there is a long and a short housing (engine swing arm), because this is used to adapt the length of the engine to the vehicle or to the size of the rear wheel. That is why there are two different length vario straps . The gear ratio is adapted to the size of the wheel with the secondary gear pair in the reduction gear, of which there are also two versions. A small reduction gear for short swing arms, which can even be equipped in two versions, namely as a short configuration for 10 "and 11" wheels and in a long configuration for 12 "to 14" wheels and a large one for long swing arms, which is used for 15 ″ and 16 ″ bikes and is also used for the Quasar. Another variation is the transmission output shaft; there are motors with a thin and motors with a thick transmission output shaft.

  Model mirror after rear wheel and gear ratio 
Rear wheel primary secondary total  a )   Models (selection), comments
120 / 70-11 15/46 12/39 9.96   Hexagon 125 GTX with 11 ″ rim
130 / 70-12 15/46 15/53 10.83   Vespa GTS 125
140 / 60-13 15/46 13/44 10.37   X8 125, XEvo 125, Runner 125 VX, Hexagon 125 GTX with 12 ″ rim
140 / 70-14 15/46 12/45 11.50   Derbi GP1 125
140 / 70-14 15/46 12/44 11.2   X9 125, GTV 125, MP3 125
15 or 16 inches   Rambla, Beverly, Carnaby see Quasar .
140 / 60-13 15/46 12/38 9.71   Runner 180 VXR
120 / 70-10 15/46 15/42 8.59   Vespa LX 125, Vespa ET4 (M19), X9 200
120 / 70-10 15/46 16/41 7.86   Vespa LX 150
130 / 70-12 15/46 15/41 8.38   Vespa GT 200, Runner 200 VXR, Hexagon 180 GTX
130 / 70-12 15/46 14/42 9.20   Runner 180 VXR
140 / 70-14 15/46 15/42 8.59   X9 200
Tuning gear
Polini 17/44 Polini primary (202.1389)
Polini 16/42 Polini secondary (202.1399)
Malossi 18/45 Malossi primary (6711492)
Malossi 15/41 Malossi secondary short (6712067)
Malossi 16/42 Malossi secondary long (6711860)
Gear combinations (selection)
17/44 15/53 9.15 Polini primary (202.1389) + Vespa GTS 125 secondary
15/46 15/41 8.38 original + Malossi short (6712067)
15/46 16/42 8.05 original + Malossi long (6711860)
17/44 14/44 8.77 Polini primary (202.1389) + X8 125 secondary
17/44 15/42 7.25 Polini primary (202.1389) + X9 200 secondary
17/44 16/41 6.63 Polini primary (202.1389) + Vespa LX 150 secondary
18/45 16/41 6.41 Malossi primary (6711492) + Vespa LX 150 secondary

 a) One turn on the rear wheel corresponds to 10.37 turns on the clutch, which is calculated on the Piaggio X8 125 with 46/15 * 44/13 = 10.37.

Weak points

Motors of the Leader generation are considered to be fully developed, reliable and, with normal maintenance, can reach over 100,000 kilometers. Weak points only become visible after tuning the engine or driving accordingly. One such weak point was initially the timing chain for the valve train of the water-cooled 200 cm³ engines, which stretched over time, so that the timing chain tensioner could no longer tension the chain sufficiently. Another structural weak point is the crankshaft bearing shells, which cannot be replaced. In the event of a damaged bearing shell, usually a result of consequential damage from stray metal chips in the oil circuit, the housing half must be replaced. But both occur extremely rarely. The poor cold running properties of the Walbro carburetor, which was used in the early years, are more annoying.

Tuning

By Malossi , Polini and Kübler there finished sets, to increase the capacity of the leader engine and abzuverlangen him more power. While Malossi and Polini build on the existing piston stroke, Kübler also changes the stroke, which makes it necessary to replace the crankshaft. Kübler uses components that were built for quasar engines and modifies them. Such an intervention in the engine is financially and technically expensive, so that the purchase of the next larger model often has to be considered.

  Technical data of tuning kits 
Manufacturer Polini Malossi Kübler
Displacement 187 cc 209 cc 209 cc 218 cc 269 ​​cc 282 cc
suitable for air-cooled water-cooled engines
cooling air cooled water-cooled
Mixture formation Carburetor, injection Carburetor, injection
Valves 2 4th
Bore × stroke (mm) 70.0 x 48.6 74.0 x 48.6 74.0 x 48.6 75.5 x 48.6 72.0 x 60.0 75.5 x 63.0
Max. Power
(PS)
at 1 / min
compression 11.5: 1 12.5: 1

 

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