Scooter tuning
Scootertuning called the Tuning of scooters (Engl. Scooter ). Usual 50cc scooters have a two-stroke engine with 49 cm³ displacement. With the 45 km / h scooter ( small motorcycle ) with an average output of 4 HP (3 kW), the performance and thus the speed can be increased significantly with the appropriate specialist knowledge and commercially available tuning parts. According to the accident research of the insurers , it is technically easy to tune the scooters to speeds of up to 80 km / h. "Every second vehicle is tuned impermissibly," according to accident research.
These conversions result in a full acceptance by the TÜV , which u. a. include costly individual acceptance tests , examination of the engine management and emission control system and strength tests (frame, chassis). In addition, a driver's license (if previously 25 km / h scooter) or a higher-quality driver's license (A1 instead of AM) is required to drive these vehicles. In practice, there are many tuned scooters on the road without an operating permit. The driver and the vehicle owner are thus liable to prosecution. In addition, driving without a driver's license will result in recourse claims from the insurance company in the event of damage , see motor vehicle liability insurance # insured amount .
motivation
Since a scooter is the first motorized vehicle for many young people (from 15 with the moped test certificate ), there is great enthusiasm for it. Since moped scooters in particular can hinder the flow of traffic in their original condition, a large proportion of the young people fudge their scooters. The reasons why moped drivers want more speed and more power are the constant overtaking at a speed of 25 km / h. A low maximum speed on inclines is also criticized, due to the throttling of the engine. Class AM scooters with a top speed of 45 km / h are also often overhauled and in their original condition usually do not have enough power or torque to approximately maintain this speed even on inclines and / or in two-person operation.
technology
Tuning measures can include removing the manufacturer's throttling measures. In addition, standard parts can also be replaced by tuning parts from other manufacturers, which further increase the engine performance compared to the performance of the dethrottled engine. In practice, both methods are often used in parallel or overlap. Some common tuning measures and the corresponding components are listed below.
Dethrottling is the removal of the legally prescribed throttling in order to achieve higher than the permitted maximum speeds. The background to this is that motor scooters with a displacement of 50 cm³ and a top speed of 45 km / h sold in Europe are designed by the manufacturers for a significantly higher top speed. In Europe, however, they are sold with a legally required technical speed limit. The very diverse and often combined limitation measures used for this purpose are summarized under the generic term throttle components.
Choke components
- Ignition / injection (electronic throttle). At a certain speed , the spark fails and the scooter cannot accelerate any further. Used in many modern scooters, often in conjunction with a spacer ring. Most of the time, the CDI (ignition) has to be exchanged for an open one, only on a few models (especially models built before 2003) can you bypass the electric throttle by disconnecting it.
- Spacer ring or axial travel limiter: The spacer ring or throttle disc is located in the continuously variable transmission between the variator and the belt pulley. The centrifugal force presses the flyweights (vario rollers) against the movable conical pulley , which causes the V-belt to move outwards. The spacer ring ensures that the V-belt cannot go into the outermost lane at higher speeds and - as actually intended by the design - reaches its final gear ratio (and thus the theoretical final speed of the scooter). The axial travel limiter is a method to throttle the scooter to 25 km / h. This is comparable to a bicycle with a derailleur , where the chain cannot be shifted to the largest chainring at the front.
- Vario rollers: The response behavior of the variator can be changed by varying the weights of the vario rollers; Among other things, lighter weights generate less centrifugal force and thus a faster revving of the engine, heavier weights are already pushed outwards at low speed.
- Carburettor : Usually relatively small carburettors (12-14 mm) with small main jets are installed, which results in less fuel consumption, but also less power.
- Throttle slide stop: The throttle slide stop is a typical moped scooter throttle. It is mounted on the carburetor and ensures that the throttle grip can only be turned halfway, for example, and does not allow full throttle.
- Intake manifold : The connecting piece between the carburetor and the crankcase , the so-called intake manifold, is narrowed in its cross-section in order to reduce performance and make tuning projects more difficult. It can be milled open or replaced by an open or tuning intake manifold ( ASS for short ). However, while maintaining the original carburetor, this change hardly brings any increase in performance; it is only effective with a larger carburetor and, in particular, a cylinder with larger displacement.
- Air filter: mostly throttled by a "snorkel" so that less air is sucked in. You can either remove the "snorkel" or install a tuning air filter (also called "mushroom"). Every time the air filter is changed, the carburetor has to be re-sprayed, as the combustion air ratio changes when the carburetor draws more air. If the carburetor is not re-jetted, it can lead to piston jamming or piston seizure . With tuning air filters, the scooter becomes significantly louder due to the intake noise and with good coordination you get a performance boost of up to 15%.
- Exhaust : The original exhaust is throttled on almost every scooter. The cross-section of the manifold is reduced (by means of a cone or a washer, so-called manifold taper), a blind pipe is installed, or there is a constriction at the inlet or the rear silencer. This narrowing has the consequence that it influences and disrupts the resonance of the exhaust, which is noticeable in a drop in performance.
Tuning components
- Replacement cylinder and piston with larger bore; 70 cm³ displacement is common.
- Exchange cylinder and piston with a larger bore and another crankshaft with a longer stroke; 90 cm³ displacement is common. Well-known manufacturers of cylinders are Airsal , Diffusione Ricambi (DR), Fabrizi , Hebo , Italkit , Malossi , Metrakit , Naraku , Polini , Stage6 (Athena), Top Performances , Team Christofolini (TCR) and TRT (2Fast 80 cm³) . Well-known manufacturers of crankshafts are Stage6 , Doppler , Hebo , 2Fast , Italkit (Alferre), Malossi (MHR), Metrakit , Motorforce , Bgm , Polini , Top Performance .
- Changes to the exhaust ( resonance sports exhausts are popular ). Well-known manufacturers of exhaust are Bidalot , Doppler , DPR , Giannelli , Hebo , Kundo , Laser , Leo Vince , Malossi , Metrakit , Polini , Stage6 , Tecnigas , TJT , TNT , Top Performances , Roost and Yasuni .
- Larger carburettors result in a better filling of the cylinder with gas mixture and in general an increase in consumption. Well-known carburetor manufacturers are Arreche , Dell'Orto , Koso , Mikuni , Bing , KeiHin and Stage6 . The carburetor diameter ranges from 12 mm to 24 mm. Changing the diameter of the carburettor requires a different air filter.
- Flow- optimized membrane valves made of carbon ; these open faster than the standard metal diaphragms; the motor achieves better responsiveness and reaches higher speeds faster. Well-known manufacturers are Malossi , Polini and Stage6 .
- Tuning variators for better switching behavior and therefore better acceleration and top speed. Well-known manufacturers are Malossi , Polini , Hebo , Top Performances , Stage 6 and Naraku .
- Tuning clutches for tuning the scooter so that the power of the engine can be optimally transferred to the rear wheel. Stronger clutch pressure springs prevent the clutch from slipping.
Customizing
In some cases not everything fits perfectly, then " Customizing Tuning " is applied. This refers to the conversion or adaptation of a series product to your own wishes. It is z. For example, the exhaust is partially cut off ("flexed") with an angle grinder and welded back together with another part of an exhaust so that everything fits. Most often, the frame is changed when customizing so that the engine block can be permanently installed and mounted.
Lacquer / color
- Exhaust
- Effect lacquers (flip-flop)
- Downhill handlebars (also called "Downi")
- Chrome rims
- Rim edge sticker
- Helmet compartment
- inner space
- Underbody lighting (LED / cold light cathode)
- Chromed, lacquered or polished variator cover
- Disguise
- Quattro optics
Disguise
- sticker
- Evil look
- Design trim parts
- Color combinations
- Milling on the cladding
- Neons / LED / cold light cathodes
- Polishing work on metal surfaces
- Racing grid (also called racing grid)
- Corrugated sheets
- Filling work
- Attach sport rear
- Remove the splash guard
- Stern passage
equipment
The accessories listed below are understood as replacing a standard part or an additional attachment. The replacement or the additional attachment is usually based on the visual embellishment.
- Brake discs
- Indicator glasses in different colors
- Wide tire kits
- Brake cylinder cover
- Downhill handlebar
- F1 mirror
- Footrests
- Handles
- Rear spoiler
- Lift kit (HLS)
- Helmet music system
- Kickstarter
- Painted brake calipers
- LED turn signals
- Handlebar spoiler
- Fan wheel cover
- License plate holders on the variator cover
- Side stand
- Seat covers
- Speedometer
- Running boards
- Underbody lighting
- Variator cover
- Variator cover Cutted
Well-known manufacturers of trim parts and accessories are Kiesler , BCD , MTKT , STR8 , DMP , Stage 6 and TNT .
Legal issues
Scooter tuning in public road traffic without a general operating license , a lack of an individual operating license or an operating license for vehicle parts is prohibited.
- The operating license has expired due to the tuning (cf. § 19 StVZO ), driving without or with an expired operating license is an administrative offense ( § 69a StVZO), which is punished with fines and points in Flensburg .
- Due to the change in engine power, displacement and maximum speed, a different driving license is required - i. d. R. A1 - if the driver does not have this, there is a crime of driving without a license .
- Illegal tuning influences claims settlement in an insured event. While in the motor vehicle liability insurance is a recourse provided up to 5000 Euros, which can damage insurance due to a breach of obligation payment completely refuse ( power of freedom ).
Many young people are not aware of the risk and illegality or consciously accept them without being able to assess the actual risks and consequences. Tampered vehicle parts can possibly be transferred using the anti-tampering sticker .
- Possible consequences of illegal tuning
- Demonstration of the vehicle at the TÜV after dismantling of the tuning measure necessary
- Decommissioning the vehicle
- 1 point in the Flensburg driving license register for expiry of the operating license
- 2 or 3 points for driving without a license
- Fine, fine or social hours, additional fees and expenses for offices, experts and courts, if applicable
- Driving ban
- Driving license withdrawal (at AM)
- Ban of 6 months or more for issuing a new driving license in addition to driving license withdrawal
- Imprisonment of up to one year (for repeat offenders)
- Moving in of the vehicle (among others for repeat offenders)
Side effects from the expiry of the operating license and / or driving without a driving license during the probationary period:
- Extension of the trial period
- Arrangement of an advanced seminar
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1] With tuning, scooter riders put their lives on the line (accessed on April 23, 2016)
- ↑ See the two-stroke Gilera Runner (built in 2003) with a displacement of 125 cm³ developed 14.0 PS (10.3 kW) and thus reached a top speed of 106 km / h, the Italjet Dragster with 125 cm³ had similar performance values .
- ↑ With a Variomatic, the weights of the six rollers are between 5 and 8 grams (49 cm³ displacement) and 9 to 15 grams (≤ 300 cm³ displacement).
- ↑ Rüdiger Bellersheim among others: Expertise in motorcycle technology. 2nd Edition. Europe-Lehrmittel Haan-Gruiten, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8085-2232-5 , pp. 169, 170.
- ↑ § 6 Compulsory Motor Vehicle Insurance Ordinance
- ↑ 3 6 OLG 10 U 56/06; 4 O 79/05 LG Mainz ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ cf. Section 74 of the Criminal Code
