Lagarostrobos franklinii

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Lagarostrobos franklinii
Lagarostrobos franklinii

Lagarostrobos franklinii

Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Stonecaceae (Podocarpaceae)
Genre : Lagarostrobos
Type : Lagarostrobos franklinii
Scientific name of the  genus
Lagarostrobos
Quinn
Scientific name of the  species
Lagarostrobos franklinii
( Hook f. ) Quinn

Lagarostrobos franklinii (in the English language to use the name of Huon Pine or Macquarie Pine ) is the only species of the monotypic genus Lagarostrobos in the family of podocarpaceae (Podocarpaceae). This species wascounted inthe genus Dacrydium before the revision by Christopher John Quinn in 1982.

description

Branch whose overhanging branches are covered with scale-shaped leaves

Vegetative characteristics

Lagarostrobos franklinii grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of 25 to sometimes 30 meters and trunk diameters (breast height diameter = BHD) of 70 to 150, rarely up to 200 centimeters. The conical or pyramidal treetop spreads and becomes irregular in older specimens. The gray-brown to gray bark , has a maximum thickness of 4 to 6 centimeters, is wrinkled, horizontally grooved and forms longitudinal cracks with age and falls off in scales or strips. The flexible branches with a diameter of 1 to 1.2 millimeters are covered with scale-shaped leaves. In the shade the branches are drooping to stiff and in tanning they are more upright; on old specimens the branches are ascending.

The assimilation organs are like no needles at all Podocarpaceae, but scaly leaves , almost like the leaves of cypress look like, but have, in contrast to white stomata on the back, which distributed only scattered, but are striking. In Lagarostrobos franklinii is Heterophyllie ago. The spirally arranged youth leaves are keeled on seedlings and are 1 to 2 millimeters long and run down the branch with a free, pointed upper end. The leaves of adult specimens are also spirally, pressed, arranged overlapping like roof tiles and with a length of 1 to 1.5 millimeters and a width of up to 1 millimeter rhomboid and keeled on the underside with a blunt upper end.

Generative characteristics

Lagarostrobos franklinii is dioeciously segregated ( diocesan ). The male cones are terminal and single, look like kittens , have a length of 4 to 6 millimeters and a diameter of 2 to 2.5 millimeters and contain 10 to 15, rarely up to 20 microsporophylls . The rhombic to triangular microsporophylls have two pollen sacs at their base that contain trisaccate pollen grains . The female cones standing on thin, downwardly curved, short branches are relatively small with a length of 4 to 5 millimeters and consist of five to eight, rarely up to ten, fertile seed scales arranged in a spiral.

The drooping female cones usually ripen within a year. There are 5 to eight seeds per cone, but usually fewer seeds. The light brown seeds are only about 2.2 millimeters long and about 2 millimeters in diameter, rounded and flattened at the top with a notched upper end. When ripe, the wingless seeds are half surrounded by a dry, parchment-like seed coat, which is called "Epimatium".

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

ecology

Often vegetative propagation occurs through subsidence and large areas are often covered by a clone . The trunks are often overgrown with epiphytes .

There are only a few specimens left that reach the maximum size of stature heights of up to 30 meters and trunk diameters of up to 2 meters. Lagarostrobos franklinii grows very slowly at only about 1 millimeter per year.

The seeds are spread by birds or water.

Peculiarity of this kind

Based on scientific investigations on a small population of genetically identical plant specimens on Mount Read in northwest Tasmania, it is assumed that this population emerged from a single individual through vegetative reproduction. The oldest living tree ( ramet ) of this clone is estimated to be around 2000 years old. The clone itself is around 10,500 years old. Lagarostrobos franklinii is therefore one of the plant species with the oldest living genes . However, it is surpassed by Lomatia tasmanica .

Occurrence

Lagarostrobos franklinii is endemic to Tasmania and occurs mainly in the southern and western parts. It comes near the southern and western coasts, at altitudes from 0 to 150 and from 600 to 900 meters.

The locations are mainly on running waters on the banks or relatively close to the water. Sometimes Lagarostrobos franklinii thrives on moist mountain slopes in the temperate rainforest. Lagarostrobos franklinii often grows together with Nothofagus cunninghamii , Eucryphia lucida , Anopterus glandulosus and fern species: Eucalyptus obliqua is found in higher locations. At the highest locations it thrives together with Athrotaxis selaginoides , Phyllocladus asplenifolius and Diselma archeri . The vegetation type Lagarostrobos franklinii - rainforest and shrub vegetation is dominated by Lagarostrobos franklinii together with other rainforest species and sometimes with Acacia melanoxylon . Sometimes Lagarostrobos franklinii forms pure stands with sparse undergrowth on deep alluvial soil. Low forest and shrub vegetation on rocky banks of running waters with small specimens of Lagarostrobos franklinii , Leptospermum and Proteaceae species are other locations of this species.

Endangerment, Protection and Previous Use

Lagarostrobos franklinii was rated in 2012 in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”. This species does not meet most of the criteria for classification in a hazard level. In large parts of the Tasmanian forest, Lagarostrobos franklinii was an important part until the first settlers reached this island. the good quality of the wood from Lagarostrobos franklinii meant that the large specimens were cut down after a short time. Only a few large specimens have survived. But by subsidence and renewed growth, the stands can regenerate quickly, so that 80 to 85% of the original area is covered with this growth again. Almost the entire population (86%) is in protected areas.

About 15% of the area was lost to reservoirs and bush fires. It is forbidden by law to fell live specimens. At one location there is a permit to fell dead specimens.

The wood of Lagarostrobos franklinii is resistant due to the high proportion of oils (up to about 7% of the weight of the wood) and has fine fibers. In the past it was mainly used for boat building and for making furniture.

Systematics

The first description under the name ( Basionym ) Dacrydium franklinii was in 1845 by William Jackson Hooker in the London Journal of Botany , Volume 4, page 152. The specific epithet franklinii honors Sir John Franklin, the governor of Tasmania in the early years of the colony. The new combination to Lagarostrobos franklinii (Hook f.) Quinn was made in 1982 by Christopher John Quinn (* 1936) in the Australian Journal of Botany. Published Melbourne , Volume 30, Page 316. The genus Lagarostrobos was established in 1982 by Christopher John Quinn in the Australian Journal of Botany , Volume 30, Issue 3, page 316. The generic name Lagarostrobos is made up of the ancient Greek words lagaros for restricted, narrow, narrow and strobilos for cones, this refers to the shape of the female cones.

Lagarostrobos is the only type of monotypic genus Lagarostrobos within the family of podocarpaceae (Podocarpaceae). An earlier second species Lagarostrobos colensoi (Hook f.) Was placed by Molloy in 1995 in the monotypical genus Manoao B.PJMolloy . The different shape of the cones meant that these monotypical genera were formed, because otherwise some genera of the Podocarpaceae would not be monophyletic .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Christopher J. Earle, last edited January 17, 2020: Lagarostrobos franklinii ( Hook f. ) Quinn 1982. In: The Gymnosperm Database - conifers.org .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers: Revised and Updated Edition . BRILL, 2010, ISBN 978-90-474-3062-9 , pp. 478–479 ( Lagarostrobos franklinii on pp. 478-479 in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ KD Hill, 2020: Lagarostrobos franklinii. In: Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra.
  4. ↑ S. Jarman, Gintaras Kant Vilas: Epiphytes on an Old Huon Pine Tree (Lagarostrobos-franklinii) in Tasmanian Rain-Forest. In: New Zealand Journal of Botany , Volume 33, 1995, pp. 65-78. doi : 10.1080 / 0028825X.1995.10412944
  5. ↑ a b c data sheet of the Australian National Botanic Gardens.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Lagarostrobos franklinii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.3. Posted by: A. Farjon, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  7. ↑ Parks & Wildlive Service Tasmania : original URL - Native Conifers of Tasmania: Huon pine. Memento from August 5, 2012 at archive.today.
  8. ↑ N. Gibson, J. Daview. MJ Brown: The ecology of Lagarostrobos franklinii (Hook.f.) Quinn (Podocarpaceae) in Tasmania. 1. Distribution, floristics and environmental correlates. In: Australian Journal of Ecology , Volume 16, Issue 2, 1991, pp. 215-222. doi : 10.1111 / j.1442-9993.1991.tb01048.x
  9. ↑ Lagarostrobos franklinii - Rainforest and Scrub: Forest Facies PDF. In: Rainforest and Related Scrub , Last reviewed August 4, 2016, Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment.
  10. ↑ A. Shapcott: Studies in population biology and genetic variation of the Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii). Hobart: The National Rainforest Conservation Program and Department of Parks, Wildlife and Heritage, Hobart and Dept. of the Arts, Sports, the Environment and Territories, 1991.
  11. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lagarostrobos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  12. ↑ Lagarostrobos at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 7, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Lagarostrobos franklinii  - collection of images, videos and audio files