Shore power connection
In the case of watercraft, the shore power connection is the supply of the on- board network by the shore power network while the port or shipyard is idle.
Internationally, this type of power supply is also known as Cold Ironing , Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) , Shore Power , High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) or Onshore Power Supply (OPS) .
background
The electrical system on ships is usually fed by diesel generators or shaft generators . In the case of smaller vessels, however, only an alternator . If these generators cannot be operated, e.g. B. If the ship's cooling system in the shipyard cannot be operated or the ship's engine is switched off in the port, the on-board network must be connected to the shore-side power supply. For this reason, the shore power connection for watercraft with operationally long lay times is a long-term rule.
For a number of years, however, efforts have been made to supply shore power to ships that are briefly in port. The reason for this measure is a reduction in the environmental impact of exhaust gases, noise and waste heat as well as the saving of fuel for the generators, which are mostly operated with marine diesel oil .
With the Directive 2005/33 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2005, which has been in force since January 1, 2010, amending Directive 1999/32 / EC with regard to the sulfur content of marine fuels and MARPOL Annex VI , the goal is set, marine fuels to use only with a maximum of 0.1% sulfur content , or to use a shore power supply system available in the port.
Problems
Since most of the on-board electrical systems of ocean-going vessels are based on a 60 Hertz system, adjustments are necessary. The connected load of some types of ships, e.g. B. cooling container ships and cruise ships , is extremely high (5,000 to 12,000 kW) and for large investments are needed. The idle time and thus the connection time rarely lasts longer than 24 hours, i.e. H. the hourly price per kilowatt will be correspondingly high so that the investments pay off. In addition, safety devices are necessary so that short circuits do not cause impermissible interference in the other network. Therefore alternatives such as B. the operation with the fuel gas, which allows better exhaust gas values than many land power plants.
Another disadvantage is the lack of international standards for the execution, so there are different systems on the part of the electrical engineering companies. Asea Brown Boveri called his shore power supply system "High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC)," Siemens Energy Sector calls his "Siharbor" and the American US to Group L-3 Communications company, which belongs SAM Electronics calls his country power "SAMCON". The World Ports Climate Initiative (WPCI), founded in 2008, is trying to create a uniform standard for shore power supply based on these problems.
practice
For the ships, which have significantly longer lay times in port compared to the merchant navy , the shore power connection has been common practice for decades for economic reasons. This applies in particular to port service vehicles, government ships , passenger ships and pleasure craft . Their berths offer the shore power connection mainly according to the IEC-60309 standard . For the specific vehicle electrical systems of the warships that are naval bases equipped.
The seaports are also gradually being equipped with a shore power supply. The port of Gothenburg was upgraded in 2000 and was the first commercial port in the world to offer this service.
In inland ports , the shore power connection has also been implemented for a long time by providing shore connections in accordance with the IEC 60309 standard.
Pilot boat Warnemünde with shore power connection at the Wilhelmshaven Nassau Bridge
Shore power connection at the Norway quay in the port of Kiel
Shore power supply Schiffs-TankE in Rheinauhafen Cologne
See also
- Environmental protection in maritime shipping
- Electric power supply on ships
- Emissions from shipping
- LNG hybrid barge
literature
- K. Schwitalla, U. Scharnow: Lexicon of seafaring . various years, transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin, ISBN 3-344-00190-6
- Hans-Erhard Schmidt: Shore power connections for shipping . In: Hansa , issue 12/2013, pp. 64–66
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ aknev.org: Shore power supply in the port - potentials and options for action ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Directive 2005/33 / EC (PDF)
- ↑ Explanation of the system
