Marine diesel oil
| Marine diesel oil | |
|---|---|
| other names |
Marine Gasoil (MGO), Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) |
| Trade names |
Marine Distillate Fuel |
| Brief description | Diesel fuel for marine engines |
| origin |
fossil |
| properties | |
| Physical state | liquid |
| viscosity |
|
| density |
|
| Cetane number |
|
| Flash point |
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| safety instructions | |
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |
Marine diesel oil (MDO from English M arine D iesel O il ) is a fuel for marine diesel engines and a mixture of different middle distillates from petroleum processing . The international trade name for such an oil is Marine (Distillate) Fuel Oil.
Marine diesel oil is more expensive and more cold-resistant than heavy oil adjusted with diesel oil , which is used in almost all larger ocean-going vessels, see also marine fuel .
Manufacturing
Marine diesel oil is obtained from components such as kerosene , light gas oil , heavy gas oil, Light and if necessary Heavy Cycle Oil , vacuum gas oil and small amounts of residue (only DMZ) blinded . In addition, diesel for commercial inland shipping (also referred to as gas oil for customs purposes) - similar to EL heating oil - must be colored red and marked with the marker Solvent Yellow 124 (6–9 mg / l). The coloring may only be done in licensed labeling companies. In fact, heating oil EL (HEL) is used as (commercial) inland shipping diesel (see below), marked vehicle diesel (DIN EN 590) is hardly used.
properties
The main components of Marine Distillate Fuel are alkanes , alkenes , cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons with around 16 to 40 (DMC: 70) carbon atoms per molecule and a boiling range between 200 ° C and ~ 450 ° C (DMC: ~ 700 ° C) . In addition, nitrogen and sulfur compounds occur.
Specifications
Four qualities are specified for maritime shipping:
- DMA: also known as Marine Gasoil (MGO), a medium-weight gas oil.
- DMB: also known as Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), a relatively heavy gas oil (with vacuum gas oil components).
- DMX: a very light gas oil with excellent cold properties ( cloud point ), is used almost only for smaller engines and as "emergency fuel".
- DMZ: a fuel made from heavy gas oils. In some cases, residues can also be mixed in.
Marine diesel for European inland shipping can also be added to these operating fuels.
| parameter | Unit | limit | DMX | DMA | DMZ | DMB | Inland diesel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density (15 ° C) | kg / L | Max | - | 0.890 | 0.890 | 0.900 | 0.860 |
| Viscosity at 40 ° C | mm² / s | Max | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 6.0 |
| water | % ( V / V ) | Max | - | - | - | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| sulfur | % ( m / m ) | Max | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.001 |
| MCR | % (m / m) | Max | - | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Aluminum + silicon | mg / kg | Max | - | - | - | - | - |
| Flash point | ° C | Min | 43 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 55 |
| Pourpoint , summer | ° C | Max | - | 0 | 0 | 6th | - |
| Pour point , winter | ° C | Max | - | −6 | −6 | 0 | - |
| Total Sediment Existing (TSE) | % wt | Max | - | - | - | 0.1 | - |
| Cloud Point (CP) | ° C | Max | −16 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Cetane index (CI) | Min | 45 | 40 | 40 | 35 | 45 |
In Germany, the requirements for the quality of diesel fuel, gas oil for sea traffic and marine diesel are regulated in Section 4 of the 10th BImSchV . For example, the sulfur content in diesel fuel for inland ships has been limited to 10 mg per kg of fuel since January 1, 2011.
There is no DIN specification for marine diesel in the sense of DIN EN 590 (see: Diesel fuel ). However, the commercial providers guarantee specifications that are closely based on the heating oil EL specification, only a few additional specifications (e.g. cetane index ) must be adhered to. Heating oil EL is already colored by the refinery, so that no further processing steps are required.
Taxes
Mineral operating materials in commercial inland shipping are exempt from energy tax under German law.
Others
During two oil crises (1973/74 and 1979/80) oil became more expensive by leaps and bounds. Since around the year 2000, marine diesel oil has become much more expensive. Many ships (especially those that are not in regular service) therefore travel more slowly than before (“ slow steaming ”). In the autumn of 2008 the freight rates for ships fell massively and there is an oversupply of many types of ships in markets; this makes it easier to save money by driving slowly.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u DIN ISO 8217: 2013-12 Mineral oil products - Fuels and fuels (Class F) - Requirements for marine fuels (ISO 8217: 2012 - beuth .de ).
- ↑ a b Safety data sheet Marine Diesel ( Memento from August 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). ExxonMobil (PDF; 743 kB).
- ↑ § 5 EnergieStV , accessed on September 24, 2017.
- ^ Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Concerning the Reduction of Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone. (PDF; 320 kB), page 38 = 3057.
- ↑ Circular No. 10/2006: Tax exemption for ship supplies. (PDF; 33 kB) (No longer available online.) Federal Association of German Inland Shipping , July 24, 2006, archived from the original on April 26, 2014 ; accessed on September 24, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Marine fuels (marine fuels / bunker fuels). Marquard & Bahls, accessed September 24, 2017 .
- ↑ Reduction of the sulfur content of inland shipping fuels ( memento of December 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) of June 12, 2007.
- ↑ Marine Gas Oil (MGO). Marquard & Bahls, accessed September 24, 2017 .
- ↑ § 27 EnergieStG , accessed on September 24, 2017.
