Larymna

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Ancient pier in Larymna
Larymna
Λάρυμνα
Larymna (Greece)
Bluedot.svg
Basic data
Country GreeceGreece Greece
region Central Greece
Regional district Fthiotida
local community Lokri
Local community Larymna
Geographic coordinates 38 ° 34 ′  N , 23 ° 17 ′  E Coordinates: 38 ° 34 ′  N , 23 ° 17 ′  E
Height above d. M. 5  m
Residents 883 (2011)

Larymna ( Greek Λάρυμνα ( f. Sg. )) Is a fishing village on the northern Gulf of Evia . Together with Lagonisi and Metallia , it has formed the Larymna community since 2011 . Even in ancient times there was a place with the same name here, which was named Unter-Larymna after Strabo .

Surname

The place is said to have been named after Larymna, the daughter of Kynos . Another explanation is that the name is derived from the ancient Greek lárynx ( Greek  λάρυγξ ), which means, among other things, throat (here in the sense of a funnel-shaped outlet opening). Strabo reports that there was an upper larymna . This was near the great Katavothre , a gorge in which the river Kephissos disappeared, to emerge again 3.5 km further north at Upper Larymna. Until the 20th century the place was called Larmes or Kastri, before it got its ancient name again.

location

Larymna is located at the mouth of the Kifisos in the Bay of Larmes. 500 m east on the other side of the bay is the place Metalleia and an ore smelter . About 500 m north is the small village of Lagonisi, 8 km north-west Malesina , 6 km west Martino and 7 km south on the edge of the Kopai plain Agios Ioannis.

history

Ancient city wall

On the basis of individual finds, the researcher Dimitrios R. Theocharis proved that Larymna was already settled in the Neolithic . According to tradition, the city belonged to Opus during the Late Helladic period and Aias the Lokrians is said to have ruled over it. The oldest pottery found here dates back to the 7th century BC. Until the historical time Larymna was under the control of the Lokrians until the city voluntarily joined the aspiring Thebes . When this happened is not known, some historians suspect that this happened as early as the 6th century BC. Happened and the Epaminondas around 364 BC. Used the port city as a naval base. However, other historians suggest that in the 4th century BC BC Skylax Larymna still called a Locrian city. Also Pliny calls it a Locrian city, but it refers to older sources. At the latest in the 3rd century BC Larymna seems to have joined the Boeotian League .

227 BC BC made Antigonus III. Doson and his fleet on the way to Asia Minor made a stopover in Larymna, then a hostile part of Boeoti. The incoming tide prevented him from continuing his journey soon. Fearing that Antigonus might invade the country, the Boeotians sent Neon to Larymna with the entire Boeotian cavalry. Neon did not take advantage of the plight of Antigonus and allowed the ships to sail on unmolested after the high tide. 86 BC After the victory over Mithridates VI. the Roman general Sulla destroyed the city. But it was very likely rebuilt.

At the end of the 5th and beginning of the 6th century AD, Larymna is known as the southernmost port city of the Lokris . The most recent remains of the ancient port facility date from this time, probably from the reign of Justinian I.

In the 19th century, ore mining began south of Larymna near Kokkino and the ore was shipped via its port. In 1894 the city was destroyed by an earthquake. At the beginning of the 20th century, an iron - nickel plant was built at the opposite river mouth and the Metalleia workers' settlement was established. During the Second World War , ore intended for the armaments industry was smuggled into Germany .

Worth seeing

Church of Agios Nikolaos 2 km south of Larymna

Parts of the quay walls of the small, around 100 m wide and 70 m long old harbor basin have been preserved. It is believed that the foundations at the port entrance are the foundations of a bridge that spanned the port. To the east of the port you can still see the foundation walls of the fortifications and the towers. The Dionysus Temple, mentioned by Pausanias and containing a statue of the god, was probably located on this peninsula . To the east of this was another harbor from which the remains of an ancient pier and other quay walls have been preserved.

On the island of Agios Nikolaos, about 1.5 km to the north, there is a church from 1493, which is consecrated to Saint Nicholas . Every year on May 9th, the saint is celebrated here. On the road to Kokkino about 2 km south of the village there is another old church dedicated to the saint. The foundations of an early Christian basilica were also found here.

literature

Web links

Commons : Larymna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΣΥΕ) ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistics.gr
  2. ^ Strabo, Geographika , 9, 2, 18.
  3. ^ Pausanias , Travels in Greece , 9, 23, 7.
  4. ^ Strabo, Geographika , 9, 2, 18.
  5. ^ Lycophron: Alexandra 1146 ( online )
  6. ^ Pausanias: Travels in Greece , 9, 23, 7.
  7. ↑ Scylacis Caryandensis: Periplus , 60 ( online )
  8. ↑ Pliny: Naturalis historia , 4, 12. ( online (en) )
  9. ↑ Polybios , Historien , 20, 5, 7 ( online (en)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / pace.mcmaster.ca  
  10. ^ Plutarch : Sulla , 26 ( online (en) ).
  11. ^ Pausanias, Travels in Greece , 9, 23, 7.
  12. ↑ Opountia at mlahanas.de ( memento of the original from November 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mlahanas.de