Čistá u Rovné

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Čistá (German Lauterbach , formerly Czech Město Litrbachy , renamed Čistá after 1945) is a deserted area in the Czech Republic .

Geographical location

The desert is located in western Bohemia in the Kaiserwald , south of the town of Loket ( Elbogen ) and southwest of the town of Horní Slavkov ( Schlaggenwald ).

history

Monument to the destroyed royal mountain town of Lauterbach
Signpost on a tree of the desert

With the flourishing of tin mining in the Kaiserwald since the 15th century, small mining settlements quickly developed into larger towns. The Bohemian and Roman-German King Ferdinand I granted Lauterbach the privilege of an imperial mountain town on June 20, 1551 . These rights were confirmed and expanded by later rulers. The city had its own pewter scales, a pewter factory, and the right to (free) logging in the royal forests.

Lauterbach was temporarily the seat of a mining authority . In 1772 a fire destroyed most of the town's documents. Few surviving documents show that mining in Lauterbach was hardly active at that time. However, it was not completely discontinued in order to retain the rights of a royal mountain town. In 1619 only 3,198 kg of tin were mined, and in 1740 only 250 kg. In 1843 the city had around 2080 inhabitants. The population has since declined. In 1847 the pits are labeled "as having been unused for a long time". In 1887, after the excavated pit and the Hieronymus shaft, small amounts of tin were extracted again. There is evidence of tin mining for 1905, which was completely stopped after the First World War (Hieronymus Pit). Lauterbach's importance as a tin mining site was rather minor for modern mining.

In 1930 there were 1,192 inhabitants in Lauterbach, in 1939 there were 1,019. After the First World War , the region was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia . Due to the Munich agreement , the city was in 1938 joined the German Reich and was until 1945 the district Elbogen , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland . 1940-43 the Hieronymus pit was re-excavated by Egerländer Erzbergbau GmbH and the shaft was exposed to a depth of 26 m.

After the end of World War II , the region was taken over by Czechoslovakia, and the almost exclusively German population was almost completely from Lauterbach sold . After that, Lauterbach was renamed Cista. The urban area was not repopulated in 1949 because of the establishment of the Prameny military training area. In 1948 only seven people lived in the former town.

The Czechoslovak government therefore ordered the army to demolish the city . Among other things, artillery units destroyed Čistá buildings through fire exercises. At the beginning of the 1950s, an exploratory shaft was sunk on the northern edge of the place in search of uranium , with which no minable deposits were found. An elongated double heap remained from this shaft. On the western edge of the town there has been a museum development in the old tin mine field "Jeronym" since 2012. As part of guided tours you can visit old mine workings.

The corridors of the former town are now part of the municipality of Rovná in the Okres Sokolov of Karlovarský kraj . A large memorial cross marks the location of the former cemetery. The location of former farmsteads is due to ornamental trees, z. B. lilac, recognizable.

Demographics

Population development
year Residents Remarks
1785 0k. A. 129 houses
1847 2164 in 275 houses
1869 1982
1880 1851
1890 1795
1900 1634 German residents
1910 1445
1921 1278 including 1265 Germans
1930 1192
1939 1019
1948 0007th
1950 0000

Důl Jeroným Show Mine (Hieronymus Pit)

In autumn 2013, parts of the old Hieronymus ("little Hieronymus") pit in the Lauterbach district were made accessible to the public. The newly constructed museum building was finally opened in 2015. It is a former tin and iron mine. The currently (2019) accessible underground area dates from the 15th to 16th centuries. The larger mining chambers are dated to the 16th century. The mine has been classified as a national cultural monument since 2008. Several large excavation chambers with clear traces of flakes on the ceilings and walls and heavily blackened ceilings (soot) are remarkable . At that time a fire was set here to make the rock brittle by later quenching it with water.

The larger mining chambers were titled as follows:

  • Chamber "Mineralogy and Geology"
  • "Chapel" (with statue of Saint Barbara)
  • "Bat Chamber", this is where bats hibernate every year
  • "Chamber of iron water", with red / red-brown walls made of iron hydroxide
  • "Kammer des Feuersetzens", with strong traces of flail and sooty ceiling from the fire setting as well as an original wooden gutter (late medieval) for draining water
  • "Chamber of Labor", with a new shaft (around 1890) and an old shaft from the 16th century (the latter still partially filled), if the water is not pumped out, a small lake forms here, here there should be buried connections to other mine structures ( "great Hieronymus") give.

  • Left mouth hole / entrance to the tin mine "Důl Jeroným" (Jerome's Pit), right museum building

  • Tunnel entrance before opening in 2015

  • Tunnel entrance

  • Original state of the tunnel entrance

  • ladder

  • "Chamber of Firesetting": soot-covered ceiling with clear traces of flail in a mining chamber from the 16th century.

From an administrative point of view, the mine is now part of the Rovna municipality . It is not located in the town of Rovna, but near the submerged mountain town of Lauterbach, namely directly on the road that leads from the Rovna district of Podstrání in the direction of Krásno . The Dul Jeronym Show Mine has been managed by the Sokolov District Museum since 2008 .

History of the Pit Jerome

The secondary deposits (soaps) around Lauterbach were probably exploited from the 14th century. When these were exhausted in the first half of the 16th century, underground mining began. Most of Lauterbach's documents were destroyed by the fire in 1772. The renewed excavation of the Hieronymus Pit is therefore only documented for 1887. After the First World War, operations in the Hieronymus Pit were also completely stopped. Between 1940 and 1943 the Hieronymus pit was re-opened by the Egerländer Erzbergbau GmbH. The (younger) shaft was driven to a depth of 26 m. Since a short-term start of production was not realistic during the war, the exploration work was stopped for the time being. The last exploration work was carried out between 1964 and 1966, with inventories of tin - tungsten minerals estimated at 2.5 million tons. In 1982 Frantisek Baroch from Prameny discovered further - currently inaccessible - cavities in the vicinity of the older mine facilities that are currently accessible. It is believed that the higher-lying older part "little Hieronymus" was once connected to the younger mining area "great Hieronymus". To expose the younger "Great Hieronymus" mining area, a 90 m long tunnel is to be driven in the future. Today's show mine (in the area of ​​"old Hieronymus" from the 15th to 16th centuries) is most likely drained from the Barbara gallery ( Erbstollen ), the mouth of which is in the valley (the Lobezsky potok ?) Above Podstrani . When the new shaft was sunk (after 1887), an older medieval shaft was discovered which is currently being re-opened. The spillage between the older and younger parts of the pit turned out to be a stroke of luck in history. As a result, the older mine structures ("little Hieronymus") were preserved in their original state of the 16th century. Therefore, the current Hieronymus ("little Hieronymus") pit was declared a national cultural monument in 2008 and should be preserved as unchanged as possible.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Thaddäus Anton Peithner von Lichtenfels : Attempt on the natural and political history of the Bohemian and Moravian mines . Vienna 1780, p. 69.
  2. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, pp. 269-271.
  3. ↑ Information board at the monument for the city
  4. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Ellbogner Kreis , Prague 1785, pp. 159-161, item 4) .
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 259, Lauterbach 4).
  6. ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
  7. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Elbogen district (Czech: Loket). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ "Dul Jeronym / pit Jerome / Jerome Mine" flyer district museum Sokolov , 2019, p.2
  9. ↑ Info sheet of the exhibition mine 2019

Coordinates: 50 ° 6 '  N , 12 ° 44'  E