Leutstettener Moos
The Leutstettener Moos is a nature reserve in the Leutstetten district of the city of Starnberg in Upper Bavaria . It is a fen on a silted up part of the Starnberg Lake , it is due to its only drain, the Würm north of the lake shore. It ends in the north at the double terminal moraine , the breakthrough of which marks the beginning of the Mühltal . The 180.00 hectare area was declared a nature reserve by ordinance of November 5, 1984.
A voluntary conservation area supervisor is based at the local nature conservation association .
description
The Leutstettener Moos lies in a basin that runs roughly from south to north around the course of the Würm. It was created in the Würm glacial period as the northernmost part of the central tongue basin of the Isar-Loisach glacier , the southern part of which is Lake Starnberg. The glacier tongue deposited sea clay , which sealed the moraine so that the melt water formed a lake. In the bed of the Maisinger Bach and the Lüß Bach, rock was brought into the lake from the flanks. The resulting rock flooding dammed the northern part of the lake more than the rest of the lake, so that a fen was created in the water body, which was only slowly flowing through, which in places was overgrown by a transitional moor and parts of a rain moor on the eastern edge . A layer of peat up to 1.5 m can be detected there. The Würm river widens several times to form small open water areas. An old arm , the Alte Würm, was cut off by a 500 m long puncture prior to the designation of the protected area.
The protected area includes almost only the lowlands and with parts of the castle wood (to the castle Leutstetten of the Wittelsbacher ) in the west a small knoll, which was formed as the ground moraine of the Würmzeit glacier. The fen is in a largely natural state. Exceptions are small parts of the forest in the northern part, some of which are afforested with non-local conifers. The parts of the Lower Castle Forest in the west of the NSG belonging to the protected area are closer to the potentially natural vegetation as a mixed forest. In the core area there is a natural touch of birch and pine trees. The forest adjoining to the east has a very different character according to the terrain profile. In the southeast, around the Röhrlbach , which flows into the Würm in the NSG, there is a quarry forest whose characteristic species are the alders . In more open places it is interspersed with Großseggenried. It is partially flooded when the water level is high, and most of it when the water level is extreme. Just north, moss habitats pull over at least a kilometer to the Wildmoos through here mostly wooded with spruce forest.
The confluence of the receiving water of the Starnberg sewage treatment plant in the Würm lies in the protected area. In addition, the inflow in the south is considered to be disturbed due to the embankment of the federal motorway 952 (Starnberg motorway), which leads to a local lowering of the water level.
Culture and agricultural use
Since the acidic milieu in the peatland has a conserving effect, samples for a pollen analysis could be taken in the peatland. This not only shows the natural change in vegetation since the end of the last ice age, but also makes it possible to determine from the occurrence of cultivated plants when agriculture began in the region. Already around 4000 BC There are signs of human settlements in the upper Würmtal, since then, i.e. the Neolithic Age , there has been no interruption in settlement, only the extent and intensity of use have fluctuated.
Immediately to the east outside the NSG is the Leutstettener Villa rustica , an estate from Roman times. Under the Roman walls, Celtic finds from the Latène period were made, so that the Leutstettener Moos can be regarded as one of the oldest settlement areas in the region.
A medieval ring rampart in the castle wood cannot be dated any closer . Due to its location on the ground moraine, it could only be reached by boat or via a dam through the moor that was easily destroyed in the event of a threat and thus represented a refuge for the population and their cattle. It had a diameter of 45 m, the earth walls Most of them can still be seen today and probably reached a height of around 4 m. They were presumably reinforced by palisades .
Use of the area was intensified when Leutstetten Castle was built as Hofmark around 1565 . This involved at least a small amount of agriculture, which used the moss as a litter meadow by mowing at intervals of one to three years to obtain litter for the stables. When Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, later King Ludwig III. bought it in 1875, he built the castle into a model and was a land consolidation of 109 ha wetland meadows perform. At the edge of the moss, outside the nature reserve and in the area around the wild moss, remains of the peat cuttings can still be seen today . Until 1958, peat was extracted from the Leutstettener Moos as fuel for the Wittelsbacher estate.
As a nature conservation measure, the former litter meadows are now mowed every one to three years to prevent valuable open sites from becoming overgrown. This is how orchids and fodder plants for butterflies are preserved.
The Leutstettener Moos is the subject of several local legends . The old bridge between Starnberg and Percha, which is being replaced today by the motorway bridge, was described in legends as the whereabouts of a ghost dog, which is said to have been an oversized black poodle with glowing eyes. It would have prevented night hikers from crossing the bridge. As in other moor areas in the foothills of the Alps, the Leutstetten region also tells of the “moss cow” that roared terribly and dully in the swamp. Concerned farmers feared that one of their animals might be stuck in the moss and lost. If they penetrated the deeper parts of the moss in search, they could be in danger themselves. The calls are the bittern mating calls .
A signposted educational trail has been leading around the Leutstettener Moos since 2005 . With 14 stations, it is around 12 km long, including two detours in the area, and can be followed on foot or by bike. It also includes the culturally significant stations Villa Rustica and the Leutstetten Castle. In the months of March to June, the area may only be walked on the paths and fishing may only be carried out in designated places on the Würm, this serves to protect bird species that breed in wet meadows.
literature
- Gerhard Ongyerth: Kulturlandschaft Würmtal , Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation 1995, ISBN 3-87490-639-6
- Hans-Jochen Iwan: Die Starnberger Biotope , published by Kulturverlag der Stadt Starnberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-942915-10-6
Web links
- Süddeutsche Zeitung: Leutstettener Moos - Like the physical one , from August 11, 2010
Individual evidence
- ↑ NSG100.080 Leutstettener Moos in the UmweltObjektKatalog Bayern with protected area ordinance and maps
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 106
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 75
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 82
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 94
- ↑ Ongyerth 1995, p. 111
- ↑ Gisela Schinzel-Penth : Sagas and legends about the Fünfseenland and Wolfratshausen . Ambro Lacus, 2008, ISBN 978-3-921445-30-3 , pp. 185 f.
Coordinates: 48 ° 0 ′ 58 ″ N , 11 ° 21 ′ 52 ″ E
