Lewiner highlands
The Lewin Uplands ( Wzgórza Lewińskie in Polish , Levínská vrchovina in Czech ) is a small mountain range of the Central Sudetes in the west of the powiat Kłodzki ( Glatz district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. Although the area belongs to the Glatzer Land , it lies outside the Glatzer Kessel , the western end of which is formed by the Habelschwerdter Mountains , the Eagle Mountains and the Heuscheuer Mountains . The town of Lewin gives it its name , which is why the area was referred to as "Lewiner Ländchen" until 1945. Historically, the area belonged to the "Bohemian side" of the Hummel reign .
The area initially belonged to Bohemia and was incorporated into the County of Glatz in 1477 . After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally with the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, it came to Prussia . As a result of the Second World War , it fell to Poland in 1945.
description
The Lewiner Bergland, the center of which is the town of Lewin, extends to around 40 square meters between the Heuscheuergebirge in the north and the Eagle Mountains in the south. The eastern border is the watershed between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, which runs over the ridges of the three mountains mentioned. The Glatzer Kessel is reached via the 660 m high Hummelpass ( Przelecz Polskie Wrota ) near Hummelwitz ( Zielone Ludowe ), to whose cadastre the ruins of the Hummelschloss belong. In the south and west, the Lewin Mountains reach the state border between Poland and the Czech Republic. The western part of the mountains has wooded hills, the highest of which is the Ratschengebirge with the Ratschenberg ( Grodziec , 803 m).
The Dörnikauer Berge ( Darnkowskie Wzgórza ) with a flat ridge that drops steeply to the Dörnikau valley are in the northern part of the mountains . They are located north and northwest of the valley of the Tanzer Waters ( Dańczówka ), which rises near the now defunct Łężno ( Friedrichsberg ), flows through Dańczów ( Tanz ) and Darnków ( Dörnikau ) and in Jeleniów ( Gellenau ) from the right into the Klikawa ( Schnell ) opens. The most striking peaks of the Dörnikau Mountains are the Rabenkuppe ( Krucza Kopa 723 m) and the Black Kuppe ( Czarna Kopa , 741 m). Other mountains are the Liesken ridge ( Smogulec ) and the Hübelbusch ( Młyński Kamień ).
Between Dörnikau and Keilendorf are the peaks Cisowa Góra (723 m) and Mittelkoppe ( Średnia Kopa , 746 m above sea level).
From Lewin to the south south of Krzischney ( Krzyżanów ) the Tassau Mountains extend around Tassau ( Taszów ).
Geological structure
The hills of the Lewiner Bergland consist of granite from the Cretaceous and Paleozoic Era, which is surrounded by slate .
Hydrology
The mountains lie west of the watershed between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The west side of the mountains drains into the North Sea, while the remaining part drains to the Baltic Sea. The main rivers are the Schnell (Klikawa, sometimes also called Bystra), which flows over the Mettau ( Metuje ) and the Elbe into the North Sea, and the Reinerzer Weistritz ( Bystrzyca Dusznicka ), which collects water from the northeastern part and over the Glatzer Neiße brings to the Baltic Sea.
Landscape and population
Despite its small area, the landscape in the Lewiner Bergland varies considerably. The most interesting landscape is the northern part, where single trees grow on lush mountain meadows and numerous rock formations stand in a savanna-like landscape. The Dörnikau mountains are characterized by steep-walled gorges that cut through the mountains.
The region along the Czech border was formerly known as the Bohemian Angle and was partly Czech-speaking. The geographic and hydrogeographic conditions may also have played a role here, since the western side of the Lewin Mountains is open to Bohemia and was therefore more easily accessible from there. The border between the “German” and “Bohemian” parts of the Hummel domain ran along the ridge of the Lewin Mountains.
The area, inhabited by Germans until 1945-46 , is only moderately populated today. The Polish names of the mountains were politically determined in 1949 in order to displace the German names.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ludwig Petry , Josef Joachim Menzel, Winfried Irgang (ed.): History of Silesia. Volume 1: From prehistoric times to 1526. 5th, revised edition. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-6341-5 , p. 226.
- ^ Mapa Turystyczna Góry Stołowe , PPWK 1989
- ^ Geography of Prussia . tape 8 , 1901, pp. 31 .
- ^ Monitor Polski . 1949 ( pdf ).