Liebfrauenkirche (Mannheim)
The Church of Our Lady is a Roman Catholic church in the Mannheim district Jungbusch . It was built in the neo-Gothic style by Johannes Schroth at the beginning of the 20th century . Today it is one of the three churches of the Mannheim-City pastoral care unit and, through its proximity to the Yavuz-Sultan-Selim mosque, also symbolizes the Christian-Islamic dialogue . It is also the location of the Samuel Youth Church .
history
Due to the enormous population growth in Mannheim at the turn of the 20th century, new church buildings were required, as the Jesuit Church and the Lower Parish Church of St. Sebastian were the only Catholic places of worship in the city up to this point . In the districts around the city center of Mannheim, the churches of Hl. Geist in der Oststadt , St. Josef on the Lindenhof and the Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Neckarstadt were built around 1900 . A new church was also urgently needed in Jungbusch because the Lower Parish in 1895 comprised 23,000 Catholics. The head of the responsible archiepiscopal building office in Heidelberg Ludwig Maier presented three plan variants in 1897. After a serious rift between Maier and the Catholic Board of Trustees, the contract was awarded to Johannes Schroth , the head of the archbishop's building authority in Karlsruhe. According to his plans, construction of the Liebfrauenkirche began in 1900. On 8 November 1903, the church was benediziert and the same year also was Pfarrkuratie furnished. On October 15, 1905, the Liebfrauenkirche was consecrated by the Freiburg auxiliary bishop Justus Knecht . Since the financing of the church was difficult from the beginning, the construction of the tower above the roof ridge was initially abandoned and only completed in 1908. In 1910 the independent parish was established by Archbishop Thomas Nörber .
During the First World War , the bells were drawn in and in 1917 an airman dropped a bomb which hit the left side entrance and caused damage. Another disaster occurred in 1921. All windows were destroyed by the explosion of the Oppau nitrogen works .
In 1922 the Munich sculptor Thomas Buscher designed the Way of the Cross . Three years later he also made the high altar . In 1930/31 the two side altars by Joseph Dettlinger from Freiburg followed. In 1933 ten statues, like the statues of the apostles by Dettlinger, were erected. Just ten years later, the choir was damaged by an explosive bomb during World War II . In 1944 the church roof and in 1945 the net vault over the choir and crossing were destroyed by artillery fire.
Reconstruction work began a short time later. At Christmas 1946 the ship could be used again and in 1952 the restoration work was finished. In 1964, the Brother Klaus Chapel was set up under the church as a weekday church. In the years 1970 to 1971 a comprehensive renovation took place, as the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council brought new requirements and the church should be adapted to the taste of the time. From 1977 to 1982 the church was also extensively renovated outside.
With the construction of the neighboring mosque, a discussion group with the Muslims was set up as early as 1990. Since 1993 the parish has had to share the pastor with the Lower Parish of St. Sebastian. In 2005, Archbishop Robert Zollitsch merged the three inner-city parishes - Liebfrauen, St. Sebastian and Jesuitenkirche - into one pastoral care unit. In 2007 plastered parts fell from the church vault. The church had to be closed. The renovation was completed by the German Catholics Day, which took place in Mannheim in 2012. On Catholic Day, the church was also given to the youth church Samuel as a location.
description
The Liebfrauenkirche is at the eastern entrance of the Jungbusch, opposite the city center. Due to the location of the property at a very busy intersection on the Luisenring, the strong neo-Gothic single - tower facade was a special urban development highlight. The asymmetrical structure of the building and the contrast between the white plastered surfaces and the architectural structure in dark natural stone were intended to enhance the picturesque effect of the late Gothic church. The architecture is based on an earlier design by Max Meckel for the Bernhardus Church in Karlsruhe . Johannes Schroth justified the choice of the lovely style with the patronage of Mary .
The Liebfrauenkirche is a three-aisled basilica with a transept, the arms of which, like the choir, terminate polygonally. The right choir arm is surrounded by a chapel wreath that serves as a sacristy. The tower with a choir-like extension is placed on the left corner of the main entrance. The church is 49 meters long and 19 meters wide, and 29 meters in the transept. The height in the central nave is 18 meters. The entrance is dominated by the keel arched portal with a depiction of the coronation of Mary in the tympanum and above it the large rose window with St. Caecilia playing a positive music , which is framed by putti .
Coronation of Mary
Ave Maria monogram on the top of the portal
Music-making St. Caecilia
When the interior was redesigned in the 1970s, the church was given a floor made of exposed aggregate concrete . The high altar by Thomas Buscher was dismantled and the individual parts inserted into the choir walls. In the main aisle and in the choir there are statues of six apostles and ten saints (Bernhard von Baden, Klemens Maria Hofbauer, Albert the Great, Odilia, Lioba, Fridolin, Pirmin, Fidelis, Kilian and Konrad), which Joseph Dettlinger created. The limewood figures were painted over with sandstone paint. These interventions are now gradually being reversed.
organ
The organ was built in 1942 by the organ building company Carl Hess (Karlsruhe-Durlach), but could not be installed until 1948. The Patentladen instrument has 50 stops on three manuals and a pedal. The playing and stop actions are electric. In 2012, the organ was restored by the organ building company Lenter and equipped with an electronic setting system.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P; III / III as a super-octave coupling, III / I as a sub-octave coupling.
- Playing aids : setter system , crescendo roller ,
Peal
A four-part chime hangs in the tower with the strike note sequence e 1 –f sharp 1 –a 1 –c 2 . The largest bell was cast in the Karlsruhe bell and art foundry in 1928 , the two middle ones in 1746 by Johann Michael Steiger and the smallest bell in 1909 by B. Grüninger in Villingen. Steiger's two old bells originally hung in the old department store .
literature
- Congregation through the ages - 100 years of the Liebfrauenkirche Mannheim . Festschrift 2003.
- Werner Wolf-Holzäpfel: Catholic church building in Mannheim from 1874 to today: On the history of sacred buildings in North Baden in the 19th and 20th centuries . Mannheim 1999, ISBN 3-926260-45-9 .
- Karl Anton Straub: Mannheim Church History: Catholic Past and Present . Mannheim 1957.
- Andreas Schenk: Architectural Guide Mannheim . Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-496-01201-3 .
- Hans Huth: The historical monuments of the city circle Mannheim I . Munich 1982, ISBN 3-422-00556-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mannheimer Morgen April 24, 2010 ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Where the candles are in the bathtub by Thomas Arzner, Konradsblatt of June 16, 2013, page 15
- ↑ More information about the organ on the website of the organ builder
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 39 ″ N , 8 ° 27 ′ 44 ″ E