Fort Gomadingen
| Fort Gomadingen | |
|---|---|
| limes | ORL NN ( RLK ) |
| Route (RLK) | Alblimes |
| Dating (occupancy) | around 85/90 AD to 110 AD Vicus until the 3rd century |
| Type | Cohort fort or larger |
| unit | Unknown partially mounted cohort or larger, partially or fully mounted unit |
| size | not fully recorded |
| Construction | Wood and earth fort |
| State of preservation | Ground monument, traces of aerial photographs |
| place | Gomadingen |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 24 '13.5 " N , 9 ° 23' 29" E |
| Previous | Burladingen Fort (southwest) |
| Subsequently | Fort Donnstetten (northeast) |
The Gomadingen fort was a Roman border fort in the Alblimes . It is located with the associated fort vicus as a ground monument under the fields north of Gomadingen , a municipality in the Reutlingen district in Baden-Württemberg .
location
The fort site of Gomadingen is located on the northern edge of the current village of Gomadingen. The area is cut through by Landstrasse 230. Topographically, the square is located east of the “Sternberg” at a point where the valleys of the Große Lauter , the Gächinger Lauter and the “Schörzbach” meet. Skillfully using these topographical conditions, the fort was located in today's “Hasenberg” corridor, where the Lauter and Schörzbachtal valleys formed a natural obstacle to the approach and at the same time ensured the garrison's water supply.
The Gomadingen fort formed the "Alblimes" with a chain of other forts, an interim border security of the Roman province of Raetia before the final expansion of the Raetian Limes . In terms of traffic geography, its position was not insignificant insofar as the Alblimesstrasse, leading from Fort Burladingen to Clarenna ( Fort Donnstetten ), crossed with another Roman road that crossed the Alb from the Danube to the Neckar .
Research history
As early as 1909, Peter Goessler suspected a fort in the Alblimes near Gomadingen, and as early as 1913 Eugen Nägele and Friedrich Hertlein attempted to locate it by means of several search cuts. The fort was only discovered in 1977 through aerial archaeological surveys by Klaus and Heinz Besch and then archaeologically examined by the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office under the direction of Hartmann Reim . In mid-October 2008, the site was prospected geomagnetically under the direction of Frieder Klein with the help of a cesium magnetometer . The evaluation of the data obtained in this way by the Freiburg geologist Christian Huebner and his team will take some time.
Fort
The full size of the fort has not yet been recorded. Only the southern corner and two pieces of trench branching out from there, about 130 m long on the south-western front and about 40 m long on the south-eastern front, could be identified. The trench is a four to five meter wide pointed trench that has been preserved up to a residual depth of two meters. Behind the ditch there was probably a wood, earth or sod wall. There are no stone or rubble fragments at all, the same applies to the interior of the fort, where only the mortar screed floor of an approximately 72 m² wooden building could be located.
From the detected trenches, it can be extrapolated to a military camp, which must have been at least the size of a cohort fort. By finding a lance tip with the owner's inscription
(Translated: "(Property) of Iunius (from) the Turma (des) Oc ...") it can also be concluded that a unit is at least partially mounted. According to the so far very sparse finds, the fort of Gomadingen was built in the Domitian period, probably between 85 and 90 AD, and, after it had lost its importance due to the expansion of the Neckar Limes , again around the year 110 AD at the latest been abandoned.
Vicus
The vicus of Gomadingen, the civilian settlement to be found at almost every Roman military camp, in which members of the military, traders, craftsmen and service providers settled, was located north and east of the fort in the corridors “Schwärze”, “Kalkofen”, “Hasenberg” and "Schwärzach". It was created at the same time as the military settlement, but existed beyond the end of the fort until the first half of the 3rd century. In the houses of the vicus that have become known so far, stone construction dominates in addition to the wood construction. Presumably the vicus went through two construction phases, whereby after the withdrawal of the garrison in the course of the second century AD, a stone construction phase replaced the wooden construction phase.
The vicus extended along the street leading from Burladingen to Urspring, towards which the narrow sides of the narrow sides of the typical vicus strip houses . Underfloor-heated houses are also among the buildings known so far. The presumed fort bath was located south of the military camp. Traces of a possible burial ground were found in the "Sinnwaag" corridor southeast of the fort.
Monument protection
The Gomadingen Castle ground monument is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
See also
literature
- Jörg Heiligmann : Gomadingen. Fort . In: Dieter Planck (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , p. 91.
- Jörg Heiligmann: The Gomadingen fort (district of Reutlingen) . In: Ders .: The "Alb Limes". A contribution to the history of the Roman occupation of southwest Germany. Theiss, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8062-0814-X , p. 71ff.
- Jörg Heiligmann: Gomadingen. Fort . In: Philipp Filtzinger , Dieter Planck and Bernhard Cämmerer (eds.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg. 3rd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0287-7 , p. 299.
- Friedrich Hertlein: The history of the occupation of the Roman Württemberg . (Friedrich Hertlein, Oscar Paret , Peter Goessler: The Romans in Württemberg. Part 1). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1928, pp. 37, 47, 80.
- Friedrich Hertlein and Peter Goessler: The streets and fortifications of the Roman Württemberg . (Hertlein, Paret, Goessler: The Romans in Württemberg . Part 2). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1930, pp. 216, 232, 234.
- Oscar Paret: The Settlements of Roman Wuerttemberg . (Hertlein, Paret, Goessler: The Romans in Württemberg. Part 3). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1932, pp. 99, 185, 208, 309.
- Hartmann Reim: A Roman fort near Gomadingen, district of Reutlingen . In: Society for Prehistory and Early History in Württemberg and Hohenzollern e. V. (Ed.): Archaeological excavations 1974. Ground monument maintenance in the administrative districts of Stuttgart and Tübingen. Gentner, Stuttgart 1975, pp. 45ff.
Remarks
- ↑ Heinrich Sibert: Roman at Gomadingen . In: Schwäbischer Albverein (Ed.): Blätter des Schwäbischer Albverein , 26. S. 177 ff., Tübingen, 1914.
- ^ Rainer Wiegels: Three small Roman inscriptions from Sulz, Gomadingen and Riegel. In: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Find reports from Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 7 . S. 351 ff., Theiss, Stuttgart 1982, doi: 10.11588 / fbbw.1982.0.26772 .