List of central banks in India
This list shows Indian central banks, credit institutions and government agencies that have issued banknotes from around 1800 in India , which is here to be understood as a geographical region.
Since independence
In the successor states of British India , the following central banks have banknote privileges:
- Bhutan: The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan is responsible for issuing the Ngultrum .
- Burma (Myanmar): The Burmese rupee was issued on April 1, 1937, and Japanese occupation money from 1941–45, the Burma State Bank issued the first kyat notes in 1944. In 1990 the Central Bank of Myanmar was founded .
- Indian Union: Reserve Bank of India , founded in 1935, nationalized in 1949, is an issuing bank of the Indian rupee (₹).
- Maldives: Maldives Monetary Authority , the de facto central bank, issues the rufiyaa (officially “Maldives rupee”).
- Republic of Suvadiva (1959–63), does not seem to have had its own currency.
- Nepal: Nepal Rastra Bank , founded in 1955/6, issues the Nepalese rupee .
- Pakistan: State Bank of Pakistan , issues the Pakistani rupee
- Bangladesh (1947–71: East Pakistan): Bangladesh Bank , founded in 1971, issues the taka (৳); Notes up to 2 Tk. The Ministry of Finance.
- Sri Lanka: Central Bank of Sri Lanka , founded in 1950, issues the Sri Lankan rupee .
Indian rupees were valid until 1959 in the colonized Persian Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Trucial States), the Protectorate Aden and in the Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (until 1951) until the introduction of the Gulf rupee .
Colonial 1861–1947
.jpg)
The Government of India issued the first banknotes with the portrait of Queen Victoria in 1861. Between 1872 and 1927 the design of the banknotes, now without a portrait, remained practically unchanged. In 1917, the issue of notes with the image of George V began. About a quarter of the issue of such one-way notes was put into circulation in booklets of 25. The Reserve Bank of India has held the banknote privilege since 1937 . However, Ein-R.-Scheine were issued again by the government from 1940.
The Banque de l'Indochine has been issuing notes for French India since 1875.
For the Estado da Índia, commonly Portuguese India , as for all colonies, the Banco Nacional Ultramarino had the banknote privilege since 1864 , but the first rupee series was not printed until 1906; Before that, the Junta de fazenda or the Governo Geral issued smaller notes . The bank's seventh and final series for India was denominated in Escudos , with unusual values such as 30, 60 and 300 Esc.
Commercial banks
The colonial administration allowed banknotes to be issued by private banks until 1862. Until 1957, the denomination was 1 rupee = 16 Anna . 1 Anna = 4 pice (= paisa) of 3 pies each.
- Asiatic Bank, founded in 1804, issued notes with parallel denominations of value in Star Pagoda and Arcot Rupee
- Bank of Bengal (predecessor: Bank of Calcutta, . Founded in 1806. successor institution: State Bank of India ), founded in 1809, numerous series until 1834 denominated in. Sicca rupees , then until 1857 in Company Rupees, then Rupee.
- Bank of Bombay, 1840-61. (Successor institution: 1921 Imperial Bank of India, since 1955 State Bank of India )
- Bank of Hindostan, business operations 1770-183, Sicca notes from 1820
- Bank of Madras, business operations from 1843, notes since 1845. (Forerunner from 1806: Madras Government Bank. Successor institution: 1921 Imperial Bank of India, since 1955 State Bank of India )
- Bank of Western India, operating 1842–45, issued only one Rs. note in 1844.
- Calcutta Bank, business operations 1824–29
- Commercial Bank, operating 1819–31
- Commercial Bank of India, operating from 1845, only Rs 10.
- Oriental Bank (Bombay), notes 1845
- Union Bank, business operations 1829–45
- Only for their Chinese branches issued the
- Asiatic Banking Corporation, founded around 1860, bankrupt in 1866. Headquarters Colombo .
- Chartered Bank of India, Australia & China, (after merger in 1969: Standard Chartered ). 1859–90 additional dollars in Perak .
- Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London and China, (founded in 1853 as Mercantile Bank of Bombay, renamed in 1857).
Princely states
Before “free” silver minting was discontinued in June 1893, numerous lands under protectorate issued their own coins; this is noted in the notes on the list of Indian princely states . Few of these held their coin rack until 1947 . Local change was partially different.
-
Jammu and Kashmir : So-called Sri Kar Temple Tokens in 1876 .
-
Kutch ( Kathiawar Agency ), issued coins denominated in Kori in 1946 , banknote samples exist. -
Hyderabad was the only princely state with its own currency. The rate of the Hyderabad rupee was fixed at a ratio of 7 HR to 6 iRs. There were paper money of its own in 1916–52. -
Sikkim : The semi-independent state did not issue its own banknotes in 1947-75; coins existed in pre-colonial times until 1889.
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
Emergency and special money
The Jhalawad Bank in Dhrangadhra overprinted checks with fixed values during the First World War . The treasury of the country issued 1918 notes for 5 and 50 Rs.
Some tea plantation operators brought out company-owned change in Assam in the 1930s, such as Doomoor Dulling and Lakmijan, which circulated regionally.
Second World War
From 1943 onwards, numerous princely states increasingly issued so-called cash coupons ; stamp duty stamps were sometimes circulated for this purpose . The values were low, often only Paisa, rarely more than 4 Anna (= ¼ R.)
Issues by the Azad Hind Bank of Subhash Chandra Bose's government-in-exile were for propaganda purposes only.
Early 1950s khadi-hundi were similar to contemporary banknotes, but they had an expiration date and, although freely transferable, wereintendedfor purchase by khadi . Likewise, the donation receipts from the Gandhi Smarak Nidhi Collection 1947-9 resemble banknotes.
In the 1950s, the Reserve Bank issued notes especially for Mecca pilgrims, bearing the note Haj next to the name of the institute . Their serial number starts with HA.
See also
- Historical currency of Tibet
- Indian measures and weights (the standardized silver rupee weighed a tola and was used as a weight)
literature
- Rezwan Razack; Kishore Jhunjhunwalla; The Revised Standard Reference Guide to Indian Paper Money ; 2000, ISBN 81-901068-1-3 ; rev. 2012 ISBN 978-81-89752-15-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Not to be confused with the Bank of Calcutta.
- ^ The coinage system of Sikkim (accessed May 13, 2013)
Web links
- Museum: Early Issues (Reserve Bank of India; Engl.)
- Indian banknote