List of desolations in the Eichsfelder part of the Unstrut-Hainich district
This list shows the devastation in the Unstrut-Hainich district belonging to the historic Eichsfeld . The southern and southeastern areas of the Eichsfeld belonged to the Prussian district of Mühlhausen from 1815, to the district of Mühlhausen in the Erfurt district in 1952 and to the Unstrut-Hainich district in Thuringia since 1994 . The Eichsfeld was one of the most desolate areas in the Holy Roman Empire , with around 288 preserved places or settlements compared to over 530 desolations.
Historical background
The southern region of the Eichsfeld was first settled by Thuringian ethnic groups, especially after the migration period . After the Thuringian Kingdom was smashed, this part of Thuringia came under Franconian influence, individual Franks and Wends settled here.
In the later settlement phase of the Eichsfeld, larger forest areas were cleared and numerous small villages or settlements were founded. Up until the 15th century, many of these places were abandoned, especially after armed conflicts in the late Middle Ages, but also due to inadequate living conditions, especially at high altitudes of the Eichsfeld. The residents then mostly moved to neighboring and larger villages, which offered more protection, the demarcation of these places was then usually added to these places.
List of desolations
The list does not claim to be complete, as there are only a few documents or documents of many place names. With some desert names, it is not certain whether they are pure local desertions or corridors. Places that were abandoned and later repopulated under the same name, as well as abandoned castle complexes, are not listed. The geographical location of other desert locations is not known (?). The date of the first mention is therefore typically not a date of foundation, the foundation was earlier. The dating of the abandonment of the desert is even less precise; the point in time can usually only be estimated by the fact that the place name no longer appears in documents from a certain point in time. Typical is the variety of spellings that have changed over the decades and centuries. An exact assignment of historical place names in old documents to today's villages is therefore not always guaranteed.
| Surname | location | First mention | Beginning of lying in the desert | Remarks | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anrode | Bickenriede | 1268 (villa Anninrod) | after the founding of the Anrode monastery | ||
| Azelrode, Atzelrode | Beberstedt | 1263 (villa Azelenrode) | 14th century | ||
| Bachendorf, Bathendorph | Bickenriede | 1317 (Badendorf) | |||
| Beitlershausen, Bechlershausen | Bickenriede | 1270 (Bechelerishusen) | |||
| Bezelsrode , Betzelsrode | Bickenriede | 1230 (Bezilsrode) | 16th century | 1765 reconstruction as a Vorwerk | |
| Clywenrode | ? Lengenfeld under the stone | 1326 | |||
| Elbicherode | Hüpstedt | 1266 (Elbicheroth) | around 1400 | ||
| Germeroth | Beberstedt , Breitenbich | 1267 (Germenroth) | |||
| Goyberg | Hildebrandshausen | 1350 | |||
| Gozerode | Lengenfeld under the stone | 1269 | 13th century? | ||
| Burial bull | Laziness | 14th century? | |||
| Grünrode | Wendehausen , Katharinenberg | 1381 | |||
| Kesslingerode | Hildebrandshausen , Katharinenberg | ||||
| Neubertshausen | Diedorf | ||||
| Reichensachsen | Heyerode | ||||
| Rumerode | Diedorf | 1294 (Rumderode) | 16th century | ||
| Sharp flea | Turning houses | 1276 (Seyhusen) | 1972ff | Gut Scharfloh demolished because of the border proximity | |
| Sehausen | Bickenriede | 1248 (Seyhusen) | |||
| Sifterode | Katharinenberg , Wendehausen | 1407 (Siebolderode) | 1536 | ||
| City stone | Lengenfeld under the stone | 1269 (plebus in lapide) or (castrum et oppidum sten apud hegene) | 14th century | The George Chapel was demolished from 1708. |
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|
| Tesfeld | Beberstedt , Horsmar | 1265 | 16th century | ||
| Welscherode, Wulferode | Beberstedt | 1257 (Welsinroth) | |||
| Winter village | Hildebrandshausen | 1354 (Winthersdorff) | |||
| Wosart | Zella , Helmsdorf | ||||
| Zoighe | Bickenriede | 1317 | 14th century |
More desolate places
The following places are listed that were temporarily desolate but were later rebuilt and still exist: Hildebrandshausen , Breitenbich .
After the establishment of the inner German border , the following settlements and farms in the border area, which did not belong directly to the historical Eichsfeld, but are located in the present-day community of Südeichsfeld , were cleared and demolished: Karnberg , Kleintöpfer and Gasthaus zur "Guten Hoffnung" near Schierschwende .
literature
- Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : The desert areas of the Eichsfeld: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903.
- Rolf Aulepp: Medieval desertification in the Eichsfelder part of the Mühlhausen district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte, ed. Pädagogisches Kreiskabinett Worbis, Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt 1988, 1989 and 1990, various issues 1 to 4.
- G. Reichel: Historical maps of the districts of Heiligenstadt (1908) and Worbis (1913), Ed. Historical Commission of the Province of Saxony, printed by Louis Koch Halberstadt.
- G. Reichel: desert map of the districts Duderstadt, Worbis, Heiligenstadt u. Mühlhausen was designed by Baron L. von Wintzingeroda-Knorr, with additions by K. Meyer, Nordhausen, publisher. Historical Commission of the Province of Saxony, printed by Louis Koch Halberstadt 1903.
- Raymund Falk: The desert of Reichensachsen near Heyerode and the settlement of the Hainich low mountain range. Eichsfeld. Yearbook 1993, pages 127-160.
Individual evidence
- ^ Günther Franz: The Thirty Years War and the German People: Investigation of Population and Agricultural History. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart / New York 1979, page 104
