List of Greek Phrases / Xi
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ξενίας γραφή
- ξενίας γραφή
- xenías graphē
- "(An) complaint about the (status of) stranger"
The form of action Xenias graphe was in classical Athens the popular action against a foreign person without Athenian citizenship, which arrogated this right.
Strangers had no civil status and no legal protection from society. A full citizen of Athens was someone who was entered in the citizen lists. If persons were registered without a legal basis, every innocent citizen could raise a Xenias graphe .
Ξενιτείη βίου αὐτάρκειαν διδάσκει.
- Ξενιτείη βίου αὐτάρκειαν διδάσκει.
- Xeniteiē biou autarkeian didaskei.
- "A life abroad teaches frugality."
Quoting from the fragments of the philosopher Democritus , which reads completely as follows:
- Ξενιτείη βίου αὐτάρκειαν διδάσκει · μᾶζα γὰρ καὶ στιβὰς λιμοῦ καὶ κόπου γλυκύτατα ἰάματα.
- “ A life abroad teaches frugality; because barley bread and straw beds are the sweetest remedies for hunger and exhaustion. "
Democritus was the youngest of four children from a wealthy family, and when his father died, his inheritance was paid off. With that he could afford the existence of a private scholar and travel around the world. On his travels, Democritus is said to have come to Mesopotamia , Egypt, Ethiopia, Phenicia , India and Persia. After that he boasted that he had seen more peoples and territories than any of his contemporaries. He also came to Athens, but to his astonishment no one knew him there.
When Democritus returned to his hometown Abdera from his research trips , all his fortune had been used up and he had to live with his brothers. Then the city fathers explained to him that he was not allowed to be buried in his homeland because of the illegal squandering of the inherited property. To avoid being thrown into the sea after his death, Democritus allegedly began to read from his works. Probably the famous doctor Hippocrates of Kos helped him with a gift of money. Democritus lived to be 90 and received a funeral at state expense.
Ξένος ὢν ἀκολούθει τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις νόμοις.
- Ξένος ὢν ἀκολούθει τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις νόμοις.
- Xenos ōn akolouthei tois epichōriois nomois.
- Latin “ Terrae, ubi versaris peregre, obsequere legibus. "
- "As a stranger, follow the laws of the host country!"
Sentence from the Monosticha of the poet Menander .
- English: “ Do in Rome as Rome does. "
- Latin: “ Si vivis Romae, Romano vivito more. "
- German: “ If you live in Rome, you should live the Roman way. "
In connection with this proverb, the following can also be cited:
- Ξένῳ δὲ σιγᾶν κρεῖττον ἢ κεκραγέναι
- “ It is better to be silent than to scream for a stranger. "
Ξένους ξένιζε.
- Ξένους ξένιζε, καὶ σὺ γὰρ ξένος γ 'ἔσῃ μήποτε ξένος γένῃ.
- Xenous xenize, kai sy gar xenos g 'esē mēpote xenos genē.
- "Entertain guests, because you too will be a guest!"
- Latin: “ Bene hospiti fac: tu quoque hospes fors eris. "
A sentence from the Monosticha of the poet Menander , in which hospitality is recommended for reasons of usefulness. The basic principle of hospitality has always been that of reciprocity: one hopes for a hospitable reception under similar conditions.
The god father Zeus himself is considered Ζεύς ξένιος Zeus xenios (" the hospitable Zeus ") as the protector of hospitality. In the Metamorphoses, Ovid describes the visit of the disguised Zeus and his son Hermes to the people who, however, do not allow them to enter.
Alone Philemon and Baucis , an old couple in a humble cottage takes two to friendly. The gods reward Philemon and Baucis by turning their hut into a golden temple. Furthermore, they grant the couple the wish that they both die at the same time and, at the end of their lives, turn them into two trees. Philemon is transformed into an oak and Baucis into a linden.
Ξίφος τιτρώσκει σῶμα, τὸν δὲ νοῦν λόγος.
- Ξίφος τιτρώσκει σῶμα, τὸν δὲ νοῦν λόγος.
- Xiphos titroskei sōma, ton de noun logos.
- "The sword hurts the body, but the word hurts the spirit."
- Latin “ Ut corpus ensis, verba mentem sauciant. "
Sentence from the Monosticha of the poet Menander, with which he warns against rash words.
ξύλινον τεῖχος
- ξύλινον τεῖχος
- xylinon teichos
- "Wooden city wall"
Under Themistocles , Athens became a sea power. But only when the Persians approached. Advice was sought from the Oracle of Delphi . The first oracle turned out so bad that the ambassadors wanted to hear without a second oracle. The Pythia Aristonike gave them the following depressing oracles:
Wretched, are you still sitting here?
Flee from home to the end of the earth , yes flee the towering rocks of the city!
Because not the head, not the body, escapes the cruel ruin. ...
The Athenians were about to despair, so Timon, whose father was highly regarded in Delphi , advised them to return to the temple with olive branches and ask the oracle once more as a supplicant. The second oracle then said:
Zeus gives his Tritogeneia only the wooden wall.
She alone remains intact to save you and the children.
You do not hold out on land to the hostile multitudes who
are harassing you on horse and foot, no, turn your back. ...
Themistocles interpreted the " wooden wall " not as a city wall, but as wooden ship walls and had the Attic fleet expanded. For Strategos chosen Themistocles introduced this Athenian fleet in the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. Successful against Xerxes I , whose ships he lured into the Strait of Salamis and made them unable to maneuver.
Ξύλον ἀγκύλον οὐδέποτ 'ὀρθόν.
- Ξύλον ἀγκύλον οὐδέποτ 'ὀρθόν.
- Xylon angkylon oudepot 'orthon.
- "Crooked wood will never straighten."
- Latin " Lignum curvum nunquam rectum. "
Quote from the collection of proverbs of Michael Apostolios .
The pedagogue and philosopher Friedrich Paulsen writes in his autobiography From my life about his first teaching years from 1875 to 1877:
"It is only with increasing age that a thousand experiences teach you how hard a material human nature is to work with: it is such a crooked wood, says Kant, that something of the highest degree cannot be made out of it."
Robert Theis thinks of the same Kant quote:
"Kant once said of man that he was made of crooked wood and that nothing perfectly straight could be made out of it. That sounds pessimistic at first glance. Perhaps this also applies to the history of mankind and the realization of a truly human society based on moral and legal principles - it is also in a text with a historical-philosophical content where the sentence just quoted can be found. "
Ξὺν νόῳ λέγοντας ἰσχυρίζεσθαι χρὴ τῷ ξυνῷ πάντων.
- Ξὺν νόῳ λέγοντας ἰσχυρίζεσθαι χρὴ τῷ ξυνῷ πάντων.
- Xyn noō legontas ischyrizesthai chrē tō xynō pantōn.
- "Anyone who speaks with understanding must draw strength from what is common to all."
Quote from the fragments of the philosopher Heraclitus . It reads in full:
- Ξυνόν ἐστι πᾶσι τὸ φρονέειν. ξὺν νόῳ λέγοντας ἰσχυρίζεσθαι χρὴ τῷ ξυνῷ πάντων, ὅκωσπερ νόμῳ πόλις καὶ πολὺ ἰσχυροτέρως. Τρέφονται γὰρ πάντες οἱ ἀνθρώπειοι νόμοι ὑπὸ ἑνὸς τοῦ θείου · κρατέει γὰρ τοσοῦτον ὁκόσον ἐθέλει καὶ ἐξαρκέει πᾶσι καὶ περιγίνεται.
- “ Anyone who speaks with understanding must draw strength from what is common to all, just like a city from its law and much stronger. For all human laws are nourished by the one, the divine; for this one has as much power as it wants to have; it is enough for everything and prevails. "
Ξυνὸν γὰρ ἀρχὴ καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας.
- Ξυνὸν γὰρ ἀρχὴ καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας.
- Xynon gar archē kai peras epi kyklou periphereias.
- "On a circle, every starting point can also be an end point."
From the works of the philosopher Heraclitus , who like Buddha prefers to use the image of the circle to express the content of his teaching, because in the circle every conceivable point on the circular line can be seen as both a starting point and an end point.
“ In a circle, the beginning and the end are one. "
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stobaius , III. P. 738f.
- ^ Metamorphoses VIII, 611
- ↑ a b The Delphi Oracle on a Politico-Military Decision. Herodotus, Historien 7, 138 - 144. ( Memento from November 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Michael Apostolios : Proverbia. Centuria XIII
- ↑ zeno.org
- ↑ Robert Theis: Kant's image of man in the horizon of metaphysics, morality and religion ( Memento from September 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Heraklit : fragment 91 ; quoted by Stobaeus: Anth. III, 1.179